Anthracite

Coal

Anthracite and Coal

Anthracite

Coal

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Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

USA

Discoverer

Unknown

John Peter Salley

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Exterior Uses

Other Architectural Uses

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.51-1.5

1 7

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Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Black

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Compressive Strength

0.15 450

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Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.41.1-1.4

0 8.4

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Transparency

Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³1100-1400 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

All about Anthracite and Coal Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Coal properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Coal belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Coal is Amorphous, Glassy. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Coal appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Coal is dull to vitreous to submetallic. Anthracite and Coal are available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite and Coal are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.