Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
History
Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Discoverer
Unknown
Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Family
Group
-
Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Maintenance
Less
Durability
Durable
Water Resistant
✔
✘
81% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Scratch Resistant
✔
✘
65% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Stain Resistant
✔
✘
42% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Wind Resistant
✔
✘
19% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Acid Resistant
✔
✘
15% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Architecture
Interior Uses
-
Exterior Uses
-
Other Architectural Uses
-
Industry
Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Antiquity Uses
-
Other Uses
Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Archaeological Significance
Monuments
-
Famous Monuments
-
Sculpture
-
Famous Sculptures
-
Pictographs
-
Petroglyphs
-
Figurines
-
Fossils
Absent
Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Composition
Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Transformation
Metamorphism
✔
✘
50% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Weathering
✔
✘
65% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Types of Weathering
-
Erosion
✔
✘
77% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
Types of Erosion
-
Physical Properties
Hardness
1-1.5
1
7
👆🏻
Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fracture
Conchoidal
Streak
Black
Porosity
Less Porous
Luster
Shiny
Compressive Strength
-
0.15
450
👆🏻
Cleavage
-
Toughness
-
Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4
0
8.4
👆🏻
Transparency
Opaque
Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3
0
1400
👆🏻
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.14
3.2
👆🏻
Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Deposits in Eastern Continents
Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Others
-
Deposits in Western Continents
North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Deposits in Oceania Continent
Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria