1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
2.3 Maintenance
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
✔
✘
81% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
✔
✘
65% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
✔
✘
42% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
✔
✘
19% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
✔
✘
15% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.5 Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
3.2.2 Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
4 Types
4.1 Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
4.2 Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
5.2.2 Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
✔
✘
50% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
5.3.3 Weathering
✔
✘
65% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
5.3.5 Erosion
✔
✘
77% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
6.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
Black
6.1.5 Porosity
Less Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Shiny
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.15
450
6.1.8 Cleavage
Non-Existent
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 4 (Overall) ▶
0.14
3.2
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
7.1.2 Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
7.1.3 Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
7.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria