1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
John Peter Salley
1.3 Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Amorphous, Glassy
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
1.1.1 Wind Resistant
1.2.2 Acid Resistant
1.4 Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Veined or Pebbled
2 Uses
2.1 Architecture
2.1.1 Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.2.2 Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.2.3 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.4 Industry
3.1.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
3.2.1 Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Not Yet Used
3.4 Antiquity Uses
3.5 Other Uses
3.5.1 Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
4 Types
4.1 Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite
4.2 Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.4 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.6 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.7 Pictographs
4.3.9 Petroglyphs
4.3.10 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.
5.3 Composition
5.3.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon
6.1.1 Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
6.2 Transformation
6.2.1 Metamorphism
6.2.3 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
6.2.5 Weathering
6.3.3 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
6.4.1 Erosion
7.1.1 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
8 Properties
8.1 Physical Properties
8.1.1 Hardness
10.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
10.1.3 Fracture
10.1.4 Streak
10.1.5 Porosity
10.1.6 Luster
Shiny
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic
10.1.7 Compressive Strength
10.1.14 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Non-Existent
10.1.15 Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
10.1.16 Specific Gravity
10.1.17 Transparency
10.1.18 Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm31100-1400 g/cm3
0
1400
10.2 Thermal Properties
10.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
1.32 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
10.2.4 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Heat Resistant
11 Reserves
11.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
11.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
11.1.2 Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
11.1.3 Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
11.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
11.2 Deposits in Western Continents
11.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA
11.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
11.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
11.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria