1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
New Zealand
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From German which means hornstone
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Granular, Platy
2.2 Color
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown
2.3 Maintenance
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
✔
✘
81% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
✔
✘
65% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
▶
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
✔
✘
42% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
▶
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
✔
✘
19% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
▶
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
✔
✘
15% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
▶
2.5 Appearance
Dull
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Biotite hornfels
4.2 Features
Smooth to touch
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Data Not Available
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Andalusite
5.2.2 Compound Content
Fe, Mg
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
✔
✘
50% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks
▶
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
✔
✘
65% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
✔
✘
77% - Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
6.1.2 Grain Size
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
Unknown
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Shiny
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
6.1.8 Cleavage
Perfect
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Yet Found
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa
7.1.3 Europe
United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, USA
7.2.2 South America
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia