1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters
Carbonatite is intrusive or extrusive igneous rock which is defined by mineralogic composition, consisting of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.3 Discoverer
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy
From any intrusive igneous rock, having a majority of carbonate minerals
1.5 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
1.5.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.7 Family
1.7.1 Group
1.8 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
3 Texture
3.2 Texture
Banded
Granular, Poikiloblastic
3.3 Color
Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Pink, White
3.5 Maintenance
3.6 Durability
3.7.1 Water Resistant
3.8.1 Scratch Resistant
3.8.2 Stain Resistant
3.8.4 Wind Resistant
3.8.6 Acid Resistant
3.9 Appearance
Fibrous
Dull, Banded and Foilated
4 Uses
4.1 Architecture
4.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
4.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration
4.1.4 Other Architectural Uses
4.2 Industry
4.2.1 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Unknown, Unknown
4.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium
4.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Artifacts
4.4 Other Uses
4.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux
5 Types
5.1 Types
Not Available
Not Available
5.2 Features
Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock
Available in lots of colors, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock
5.3 Archaeological Significance
5.3.1 Monuments
6.1.2 Famous Monuments
Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy
Not Applicable
6.1.3 Sculpture
6.1.5 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
Not Applicable
6.1.6 Pictographs
6.1.8 Petroglyphs
6.1.9 Figurines
6.3 Fossils
7 Formation
7.1 Formation
Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.
Carbonatites are intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks which are defined by mineralogic composition consisting of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals and are formed due to low degrees of partial melting of rocks.
7.2 Composition
7.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz
Ancylite, Apatite, Barite, Fluorite, Magnetite, Natrolite, Sodalite
7.3.1 Compound Content
Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Sodium Oxide
7.4 Transformation
7.4.1 Metamorphism
7.5.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism
7.5.3 Weathering
8.1.1 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
8.2.1 Erosion
8.2.2 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Wind Erosion
9 Properties
9.1 Physical Properties
9.1.1 Hardness
10.3.4 Grain Size
Fine Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
10.3.5 Fracture
10.3.6 Streak
10.3.7 Porosity
Highly Porous
Less Porous
10.3.8 Luster
Dull to Pearly
Subvitreous to Dull
10.3.9 Compressive Strength
11.1.2 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Not Available
11.1.3 Toughness
11.1.4 Specific Gravity
11.1.5 Transparency
11.1.6 Density
2.71 g/cm32.84-2.86 g/cm3
0
1400
11.2 Thermal Properties
11.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
11.2.2 Resistance
Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Water Resistant
12 Reserves
12.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
12.1.1 Asia
China, Russia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan
12.1.2 Africa
Not Yet Found
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
12.1.3 Europe
Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
12.1.4 Others
12.2 Deposits in Western Continents
12.2.1 North America
12.2.2 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador
Brazil
12.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
12.3.1 Australia
Not Yet Found
New South Wales, New Zealand