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Tephrite and Gneiss


Gneiss and Tephrite


Definition

Definition
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock  
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks  

History
  
  

Origin
Germany  
-  

Discoverer
Van Tooren  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn  
From the Middle High German verb gneist (to spark; so called because the rock glitters)  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Metamorphic Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic  
-  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic  
Banded, Foliated, Platy  

Color
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White  
Black, Brown, Pink, Red, White  

Maintenance
Less  
More  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Vesicular  
Foliated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Landscaping  
As Dimension Stone  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner  
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums  

Types

Types
Igneous rock  
Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss.  

Features
Host Rock for Lead  
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
Konark Sun Temple in India, Washington Monument, US  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.  
Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock i.e. it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures than schist. It is formed by the metamorphosis of Gneiss forms from volcanic rock, shale or granitie.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene  
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon  

Compound Content
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide  
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
Impact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
6.5  
7  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Medium to Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Uneven  
Irregular  

Streak
Bluish Black  
White  

Porosity
Very Less Porous  
Very Less Porous  

Luster
Subvitreous to Dull  
Dull  

Compressive Strength
90.00 N/mm2  
32
125.00 N/mm2  
25

Cleavage
Crenulation and Pervasive  
-  

Toughness
2.4  
1.2  

Specific Gravity
2.86  
2.5-2.7  

Transparency
Opaque  
Translucent to Opaque  

Density
2.8-2.9 g/cm3  
2.6-2.9 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10
0.70 kJ/Kg K  
24

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
-  
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia  

Africa
Namibia, Uganda  
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo  

Europe
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain  
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA  
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA  

South America
-  
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia  
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Tephrite and Gneiss Properties

Know all about Tephrite and Gneiss properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Gneiss belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Gneiss is Banded, Foliated, Platy. Tephrite appears Vesicular and Gneiss appears Foliated. The luster of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull while that of Gneiss is dull. Tephrite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Gneiss is available in black, brown, pink, red, white colors. The commercial uses of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner and that of Gneiss are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used in aquariums.

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