Porphyry

Banded iron formation

Porphyry and Banded iron formation

Porphyry

Banded iron formation

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Porphyry is a reddish-brown to purple igneous rock containing large phenocrysts of various minerals embedded in a fine-grained matrix

Banded iron formation are distinctive units of sedimentary rock that are almost always of Precambrian age

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Egypt

Western Australia, Minnesota

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Old French porfire, from Italian porfiro and in some cases directly from Latin porphyrites

From its formation process

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Plutonic

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Porphyritic

Banded, Trellis

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Red, Rust, White

Red, Reddish Brown

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5 Appearance

Dull

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

Paving Stone, Office Buildings

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Curbing, Whetstones

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Used for flooring, stair treads, borders and window sills.

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Artifacts

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry

As a touchstone, Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

4 Types

4.1 Types

Rhomb Porphyry

Algoma-type , Lake Superior-type, Superior-type and Taconite

4.2 Features

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny

Is one of the oldest rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Porphyry is formed in two stages: the magma cools slowly deep within the crust or the magma is cools rapidly as it erupts from a volcano, creating small grains that are usually invisible to naked eye.

The banded iron layers are formed in sea water when oxygen is released by photosynthetic cyano-bacteria. The oxygen then combines with dissolved iron in ocean to form insoluble iron oxides, which precipitated out, forming a thin layer of banded iron formation on ocean floor.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Biotite, Chert, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Quartz, Silica

Hematite, Magnetite, Quartz

5.2.2 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Fe, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

5.3.3 Weathering

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99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Not Registered

Chemical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

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92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

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86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

6-7

5.5-6

6.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Large and Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Irregular

Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal

6.1.4 Streak

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Dull

Earthy

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

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What Is Obsidian

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175 (What Is Grani..)

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2.2.1 Cleavage

Imperfect

2.2.2 Toughness

1.7

1.5

2.3.1 Specific Gravity

2.5-4

5.0-5.3

2.3.2 Transparency

Translucent to Opaque

2.4.1 Density

2.5-2.52 g/cm³

Not Available

2.5 Thermal Properties

2.5.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

3.20 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 1 (Overall)▶

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What Is Granulite

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1.09 (What Is Trave..)

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3.1.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

4 Reserves

4.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

4.1.1 Asia

China, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam

China, India, Iran, Iraq, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

4.1.2 Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa

Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

4.1.3 Europe

Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland

Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

4.1.5 Others

Greenland

Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

4.2 Deposits in Western Continents

4.2.1 North America

Canada, Cuba, Jamaica, USA

Canada, Mexico, USA

4.3.1 South America

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay

Bolivia, Brazil

4.4 Deposits in Oceania Continent

4.4.1 Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Porphyry and Banded iron formation Properties

Know all about Porphyry and Banded iron formation properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Porphyry belongs to Igneous Rocks while Banded iron formation belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Porphyry is Porphyritic whereas that of Banded iron formation is Banded, Trellis. Porphyry appears Dull and Banded iron formation appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Porphyry is dull while that of Banded iron formation is earthy. Porphyry is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, red, rust, white colors whereas Banded iron formation is available in red, reddish brown colors. The commercial uses of Porphyry are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry and that of Banded iron formation are as a touchstone, cemetery markers, creating artwork.