1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Sandstone is defined as a rock which is composed of sand-sized grains of various minerals mostly of uniform size and often are smooth and rounded
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Unknown
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From its composition, sand and stone
1.4 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Clastic, Granular, Rough
2.2 Color
Beige, Black, Brown, Colourless, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
More
2.4 Durability
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
✔
✘
59% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
✔
✘
62% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
✔
✘
43% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
✔
✘
38% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
✔
✘
22% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.5 Appearance
Rough
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Office Buildings
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, In aquifers, Petroleum reservoirs, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO), Tombstones, Used in aquariums
4 Types
4.1 Types
Grey Sandstones, Crystallized Sandstones, Hard Sandstones , Carbonate Cemented Sandstones and Ganister
4.2 Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Very fine grained rock
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Abu Simbel in Egypt, Agia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey, Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Buland Darwaza in Agra, India, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Maharashtra, India, Dom in Berlin, Great Sphinx at Giza, Egypt, Hawa Mahal in Jaipur, India, Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, India, India Gate in Delhi, India, Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, Khajuraho Temples, India, Leh Palace in Leh, India, Lotus Temple in New Delhi, India, Luxor Temple in Egypt, Machu Picchu in Peru, Neuschwanstein in Bavaria, Petra in Jordan, Qutb Minar in India, Red Fort in Delhi, India, Sanchi Stupa in India
4.3.3 Sculpture
Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, India, Elephanta Caves in Maharashtra, India, Mount Rushmore National Memorial in South Dakota, US
4.3.5 Pictographs
Not Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Not Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Used
4.4 Fossils
Present
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock which forms from cemented sand-sized clasts. It forms when sand layers are buried under sediments of sand.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
✔
✘
19% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
✔
✘
78% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
✔
✘
86% - Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
6.1.2 Grain Size
Coarse or Fine
6.1.3 Fracture
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
White
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Dull
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
95.00 N/mm2
Rank: 20 (Overall) ▶
0.15
450
6.1.8 Cleavage
Perfect
6.1.9 Toughness
2.6
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
0.14
3.2
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan
7.1.2 Africa
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
7.1.3 Europe
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Greenland
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, USA
7.2.2 South America
Brazil
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand