Gossan

Greywacke

Gossan and Greywacke

Gossan

Greywacke

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Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Greywacke is defined as a dark coarse-grained sandstone rock which contains more than 15 per cent clay

History

Origin

Indonesia

Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

Unknown

Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From German Grauwacke, from grau grey + wacke

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Rough, Sandy

Clastic

Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Beige, Black, Brown, Cream, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Light Green, Light to Dark Grey, Pink, Red, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Banded

Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Curbing, Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

As armour rock for sea walls, Petroleum reservoirs, Sea Defence, Tombstones

Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Greywacke

Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Non-vesicular, Veined

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Graywacke rock is a type of sedimentary rock, which is also known as immature sandstone, which is indurated, dark grey and consisting of poorly sorted angular to sub-angular, sand-sized grains.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-56-7

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Angular and Fine

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White to Grey

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Metallic

Dull

Compressive Strength

-120.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

2.6

Specific Gravity

2.02.2-2.8

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm³2.6-2.61 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.24 kJ/Kg K0.71 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan

Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Brazil

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand

All about Gossan and Greywacke Properties

Know all about Gossan and Greywacke properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Greywacke belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Greywacke is Clastic. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Greywacke appears Dull. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Greywacke is dull. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Greywacke is available in beige, black, brown, cream, dark brown, green, grey, light green, light to dark grey, pink, red, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Greywacke are as armour rock for sea walls, petroleum reservoirs, sea defence, tombstones.