Anthracite

Turbidite

Anthracite and Turbidite

Anthracite

Turbidite

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Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

A sedimentary rock, deposit of a submarine turbidity currents and are composed of layered particles

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

European Foreland Basins

Discoverer

Unknown

Arnold H. Bouma

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

From Medieval Latin turbiditas, from Latin turbidus (turbid). Turbidity current is from 1939

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Mud-rich, Sandy

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Pink

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Sedimentary rock

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

High silica content, Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Turbidite is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock as it flows. These particles then settle down and are subjected to high temperature and pressures hence forming Turbidite.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Coesite, Quartz, Sand

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.53

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Splintery

Streak

Black

White, Greenish White or Grey

Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Metallic

Compressive Strength

-200.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Disjunctive

Toughness

2.4

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.46-2.73

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³1.6-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Western Africa

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Austria, Belarus, Romania, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Brazil, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Anthracite and Turbidite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Turbidite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Turbidite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Turbidite is Mud-rich, Sandy. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Turbidite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Turbidite is metallic. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Turbidite is available in black, brown, green, grey, pink colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Turbidite are cemetery markers, creating artwork.