Gossan

Chert

Gossan and Chert

Gossan

Chert

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Chert is a hard, dark, opaque sedimentary rock which is composed of silica with an amorphous fine-grained texture

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Indonesia

Unknown

1.2.2 Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From flint-like quartz, 1670s, of unknown origin- a local term, which has been taken into geological use

1.4 Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Rough, Sandy

Banded, Rough

2.2 Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5 Appearance

Dull and Banded

Glassy or Pearly

3 Uses

1.1 Architecture

1.1.1 Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes

1.2.1 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

1.3.1 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

1.4 Industry

1.4.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Arrowheads, Construction Aggregate, Cutting Tool, Spear Points

1.4.3 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

1.6 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Monuments

1.7 Other Uses

1.7.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, In fire-starting tools, Jewelry, To ignite fire, Used in flintlock firearms

2 Types

2.1 Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Flint, Jasper, Radiolarite, Common Chert, Chalcedony, Agate, Onyx, Opal, Magadi-type Chert, Porcelanite, Siliceous Sinter

2.2 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate

2.4 Archaeological Significance

2.4.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

2.4.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

2.5.1 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

3.1.1 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

3.1.2 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

3.2.1 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

3.3.1 Figurines

Not Yet Used

3.5 Fossils

Absent

Present

4 Formation

4.1 Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Chert forms when microcrystals of silicon dioxide grow within soft sediments that become limestone or chalk. The chert formation can be either of chemical or biological origin.

4.2 Composition

4.2.2 Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Quartz, Silicon

4.2.3 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Silicon Dioxide

4.3 Transformation

4.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

4.3.4 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Weathering

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

4.4.1 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

4.4.2 Erosion

✔ ✘

77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.1.4 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion

6 Properties

6.2 Physical Properties

6.2.2 Hardness

4-5

6.5-7

6.2.4 Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Very fine-grained

6.3.1 Fracture

Conchoidal

Uneven, Splintery or Conchoidal

6.4.2 Streak

White to Grey

White

7.0.3 Porosity

Highly Porous

7.1.1 Luster

Metallic

Waxy and Dull

7.2.1 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

450.00 N/mm²

Rank: 1 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

⊕

▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

9.1.8 Cleavage

Not Available

Non-Existent

9.1.9 Toughness

Not Available

1.5

9.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.0

2.5-2.8

9.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

9.1.12 Density

Not Available

2.7 g/cm³

9.2 Thermal Properties

9.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

0.24 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 24 (Overall)▶

0.74 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 19 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

⊕

▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

9.3.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

10 Reserves

10.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

10.1.1 Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

China, India, Iran, Japan, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

10.1.2 Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

10.1.3 Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

10.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

10.2 Deposits in Western Continents

10.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

Canada, Mexico, USA

10.2.2 South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Bolivia, Brazil

10.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

10.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Gossan and Chert Properties

Know all about Gossan and Chert properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Chert belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Chert is Banded, Rough. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Chert appears Glassy or Pearly. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Chert is waxy and dull. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Chert is available in black, brown, green, grey, red, white colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Chert are creating artwork, gemstone, in fire-starting tools, jewelry, to ignite fire, used in flintlock firearms.