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Gneiss vs Hornfels

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Unknown
New Zealand
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From the Middle High German verb gneist (to spark; so called because the rock glitters)
From German which means hornstone
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Banded, Foliated, Platy
Granular, Platy
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Pink, Red, White
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown
2.3 Maintenance
More
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.5 Appearance
Foliated
Dull
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts
Artifacts, Monuments
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss.
Biotite hornfels
4.2 Features
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock
Smooth to touch
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Konark Sun Temple in India, Washington Monument, US
Data Not Available
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Not Used
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Not Used
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock i.e. it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures than schist. It is formed by the metamorphosis of Gneiss forms from volcanic rock, shale or granitie.
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon
Andalusite
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
Fe, Mg
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Impact Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
7
2-3
6.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Coarse Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Irregular
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
White
Unknown
6.1.5 Porosity
Very Less Porous
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Dull
Shiny
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
Flint
125.00 N/mm2
Rank: 17 (Overall)
5.80 N/mm2
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Obsidian
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6.1.8 Cleavage
Poor
Perfect
6.1.9 Toughness
1.2
Not Yet Found
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
2.5-2.7
3.4-3.9
6.1.11 Transparency
Translucent to Opaque
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
2.6-2.9 g/cm3
0.25-0.30 g/cm3
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
Banded iron for..
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0.84 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Granulite
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6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa
7.1.3 Europe
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA
Canada, USA
7.2.2 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

Gneiss vs Hornfels Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Gneiss and Hornfels Reserves. Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Gneiss vs Hornfels information and Gneiss vs Hornfels characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Gneiss vs Hornfels Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Gneiss vs Hornfels characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Gneiss and Properties of Hornfels. Learn more about Gneiss vs Hornfels in the next section. The interior uses of Gneiss include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Flooring and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Hornfels include Decorative aggregates, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Gneiss and Hornfels, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Gneiss in construction industry include As dimension stone and that of Hornfels include For road aggregate, Roadstone.

More about Gneiss and Hornfels

Here you can know more about Gneiss and Hornfels. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Gneiss and Hornfels consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Gneiss includes Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon and mineral content of Hornfels includes Andalusite. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Gneiss vs Hornfels, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Gneiss is available in black, brown, pink, red, white colors whereas, Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors. Appearance of Gneiss is Foliated and that of Hornfels is Dull. Properties of rock is another aspect for Gneiss vs Hornfels. The hardness of Gneiss is 7 and that of Hornfels is 2-3. The types of Gneiss are Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss. whereas types of Hornfels are Biotite hornfels. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Gneiss is white while that of Hornfels is unknown. The specific heat capacity of Gneiss is Not Available and that of Hornfels is 0.84 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Gneiss is heat resistant, pressure resistant, scratch resistant, wear resistant whereas Hornfels is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant.