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Anthracite
Anthracite

Hornfels
Hornfels



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Anthracite vs Hornfels

1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.
New Zealand
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
From German which means hornstone
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Granular, Platy
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown
2.3 Maintenance
Less
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
2.5 Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Dull
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
3.2.2 Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used
Artifacts, Monuments
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Biotite hornfels
4.2 Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Smooth to touch
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Data Not Available
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Andalusite
5.2.2 Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Fe, Mg
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Biological Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
1-1.5
2-3
6.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Conchoidal
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
Black
Unknown
6.1.5 Porosity
Less Porous
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Shiny
Shiny
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
Flint
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
5.80 N/mm2
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Obsidian
ADD ⊕
6.1.8 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Perfect
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
Not Yet Found
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4
3.4-3.9
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm3
0.25-0.30 g/cm3
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
Banded iron for..
1.32 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.84 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Granulite
ADD ⊕
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand
7.1.2 Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa
7.1.3 Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
Canada, USA
7.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

Anthracite vs Hornfels Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Anthracite and Hornfels Reserves. Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster. Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Anthracite vs Hornfels information and Anthracite vs Hornfels characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Anthracite vs Hornfels Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Anthracite vs Hornfels characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Anthracite and Properties of Hornfels. Learn more about Anthracite vs Hornfels in the next section. The interior uses of Anthracite include Not yet used whereas the interior uses of Hornfels include Decorative aggregates, Flooring, Homes and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Anthracite and Hornfels, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Anthracite in construction industry include Cement manufacture, For road aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel production and that of Hornfels include For road aggregate, Roadstone.

More about Anthracite and Hornfels

Here you can know more about Anthracite and Hornfels. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Anthracite and Hornfels consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Anthracite includes Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals and mineral content of Hornfels includes Andalusite. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Anthracite vs Hornfels, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas, Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors. Appearance of Anthracite is Veined or Pebbled and that of Hornfels is Dull. Properties of rock is another aspect for Anthracite vs Hornfels. The hardness of Anthracite is 1-1.5 and that of Hornfels is 2-3. The types of Anthracite are Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite whereas types of Hornfels are Biotite hornfels. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Anthracite is black while that of Hornfels is unknown. The specific heat capacity of Anthracite is 1.32 kJ/Kg K and that of Hornfels is 0.84 kJ/Kg K. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Anthracite is heat resistant, water resistant whereas Hornfels is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant.