Basalt

Ignimbrite

Basalt lan Ignimbrite

Basalt

Ignimbrite

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1 Definition

1.1 definisi

basalt punika rock igneous extrusive umum kawangun dening cooling kanthi cepet saka lahar basaltic kapapar ing utawa banget cedhak ing lumahing bumi

ignimbrite punika rock vulkanik dumadi utamané saka pecahan pumice, kawangun dening consolidation saka materi setor dening mili pyroclastic

1.2 Sajarah

1.2.1 asal

egypt

new zealand

1.2.2 panemu

George Agricola

Patrick marshall

1.3 Etimologi

saka pungkasan basaltes latin (varian saka basanites), watu banget hard, kang diimpor saka basanites greek kuna

saka geni ignis latin + Imber, padusan imbr- udan, badai maya + -ite

1.4 kelas

batuan beku

1.4.1 sub-kelas

awet rock, medium atose rock

1.5 kulawarga

1.5.1 group

vulkanik

1.6 kategori liyane

rock grained nggoleki, rock opaque

2 Tekstur

2.1 tektur

glassy, massive, porphyritic, scoriaceous, vesicular

aphanitic

2.2 werna

ireng, coklat, cahya kanggo werna abu-abu peteng

ibas, ireng, coklat, grey, pink, putih

2.3 pangopènan

liyane

2.4 kekiatan

awet

2.4.1 banyu tahan

✔ ✘

2.4.2 ngeruk tahan

✔ ✘

2.4.3 rereged tahan

✔ ✘

2.4.4 angin tahan

✔ ✘

2.4.5 asam tahan

✔ ✘

2.5 katon

kurang lan alus

kurang, vesicular lan foilated

3 Kagunaane

3.1 arsitektur

3.1.1 Efesus interior

kothak lantai, homes, Hotel, pawon

aggregates hiasan, kothak lantai, homes, interior

3.1.2 Efesus njaba

minangka watu bangunan, mapeng watu, Taman hiasan, bangunan kantor

minangka watu bangunan, Taman hiasan, bangunan kantor, mapeng watu

3.1.3 Efesus arsitektur liyane

curbing, whetstones

curbing

3.2 industri

3.2.1 industri construction

arrowheads, minangka watu ukuran, cobblestones, alat nglereni, alur trek ballast, roadstone

omah bangunan utawa tembok, kanthi jumlah ongko construction

3.2.2 industri medical

durung digunakake

3.3 Efesus jaman

artefak, monumen

artefak, monumen, reca, figurines cilik

3.4 Panggunaan sanès

3.4.1 komersial

reservoir lenga lan gas, tablet commemorative, nggawe kriya, digunakake ing akuarium

pelaku kuburan, tablet commemorative, nggawe kriya

4 Jinis

4.1 jinis

basalt alkalin, boninite, basalt alumina dhuwur, agêng segara Pegunungan basalt (morb), basalt tholeiitic, basaltic trachyandesite, mugearite lan shoshonite

Ora Kasadhiya

4.2 fitur

tahan struktural dhuwur marang erosi lan iklim, rock grained banget nggoleki

tansah ditemokake minangka pipo vulkanik liwat lemah ndhuwur Continental jero

4.3 pinunjul arkeologi

4.3.1 monumen

used

4.3.2 monumen misuwur

pulo Paskah ing segitiga Polinesia, pacific segara, Gateway of India ana ing Mumbai, India, gol Gumbaz ing karnataka, india

data ora kasedhiya

4.3.3 reca

used

4.3.4 patung misuwur

data ora kasedhiya

4.3.5 Pictographs

used

4.3.6 petroglyphs

used

4.3.7 figurines

used

4.4 fosil

absen

5 Tatanan

5.1 tatanan

basalt formulir nalika lahar tekan lumahing bumi near vulkanik. suhu lava iku antarane 1100 1250 ° c nalika nemu menyang permukaan.

ignimbrites sing kawangun saka dicampur banget lingkungan diurutake saka awu vulkanik utawa tuff lan pumice lapilli, umum karo pecahan lithic kasebar.

5.2 komposisi

5.2.1 isi Mineral

olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene

apatite, biotite, kalsit, chlorite, Feldspar, hematite, hornblade, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, pyroxene, quartz

5.2.2 senyawa isi

aluminium oxide, cao, wesi (iii) oxide, feo, kalium oxide, MgO, keda, sodium oxide, fosfor pentoxide, silikon dioksida, titanium dioxide

ca, NaCl

5.3 transformasi

5.3.1 metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 jinis metamorphism

kontak metamorphism

metamorphism kakubur, kontak metamorphism, hidrotermal metamorphism, impact metamorphism, metamorphism regional

5.3.3 cuaca

✔ ✘

5.3.4 jinis udan

udan biologi

udan biologi, udan kimia

5.3.5 erosi

✔ ✘

5.3.6 jinis erosi

ora kasedhiya

erosi kimia, erosi gisik

6 Properties

6.1 fisik

6.1.1 atose

64-6

1 7

6.1.2 ukuran gandum

grained nggoleki

6.1.3 rengat

conchoidal

ora rata

6.1.4 tilas

putih kanggo werna abu-abu

putih

6.1.5 porosity

kurang keropos

Highly keropos

6.1.6 luster

ora kasedhiya

vitreous kanggo kurang

6.1.7 kekuatan compressive

37.40 n / mm ²243.80 n / mm ²

0.15 450

6.1.8 cleavage

ora kasedhiya

6.1.9 kateguhan

2.3

ora kasedhiya

6.1.10 tartamtu gravitasi

2.8-32.73

0 8.4

6.1.11 transparan

opaque

6.1.12 Kapadhetan

2.9-3.1 g / cm ³1-1.8 g / cm ³

0 1400

6.2 situs termal

6.2.1 kapasitas panas tartamtu

0.84 kj / kg k0.20 kj / kg k

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 resistance

tahan panas, meksa tahan, nyandhang tahan

tahan panas, impact tahan, meksa tahan, nyandhang tahan

7 Cadangan

7.1 celengan ing bawana wétan

7.1.1 asia

India, Russia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

7.1.2 africa

South Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

7.1.3 europe

iceland

france, georgia, germany, greece, iceland, italy, Aku tresna sampeyan;, Poland, portugal, spain, united kingdom

7.1.4 wong

durung ketemu

Antartika, pulo hawaii

7.2 celengan ing bawana kulon

7.2.1 lor amerika

Canada, USA