Travertine

Coquina

Travertine and Coquina

Travertine

Coquina

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Definition

Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters

Coquina is a sedimentary rock that is composed either wholly or almost entirely of the transported, abraded, and mechanically-sorted fragments of the shells of molluscs, trilobites, brachiopods, or other invertebrates

History

Origin

Italy

European Foreland Basins

Discoverer

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Unknown

Etymology

From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy

From Concha (Latin)+ Coquina(Spanish) +conch(English)= Couquina (mid 19th century)

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Banded

Clastic

Color

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow

Beige, Buff, Orange

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Non-Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Fibrous

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery

Creating Artwork

Types

Thermal Travertine and Tufa

Sedimentary rock

Features

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Formation

Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.

Coquina is a sedimentary rock which is formed when billions of small clam-like seashell, called Coquina, or cockleshell are die and hence are deposited, buried and turns into a rock when pressure is applied.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Apatite, Augite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Clay Minerals, Epidote, Feldspar, Garnet, Micas, Muscovite or Illite

Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Iron(III) Oxide, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

3-41-2

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Coarse Grained

Fracture

Splintery

Irregular

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Luster

Dull to Pearly

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Compressive Strength

80.00 N/mm²-

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.681.10-2.24

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.71 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.09 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, Russia

Africa

Europe

Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

All about Travertine and Coquina Properties

Know all about Travertine and Coquina properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Travertine and Coquina belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Travertine is Banded whereas that of Coquina is Clastic. Travertine appears Fibrous and Coquina appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Travertine is dull to pearly while that of Coquina is dull to vitreous to submetallic. Travertine is available in beige, black, blue, brown, grey, red, white, yellow colors whereas Coquina is available in beige, buff, orange colors. The commercial uses of Travertine and Coquina are cemetery markers, creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, paper industry, pottery.