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Tephrite and Phonolite


Phonolite and Tephrite


Definition

Definition
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock  
Phonolite is an uncommon extrusive igneous rock volcanic rock of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic  

History
  
  

Origin
Germany  
-  

Discoverer
Van Tooren  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn  
From the Greek meaning sounding stone because of the metallic sound it produces if an unfractured plate is hit  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic  
-  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic  
Granular  

Color
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White  
Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
Yes  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Vesicular  
Banded and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration  
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Landscaping  
As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Production of Glass and Ceramics  

Medical Industry
-  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Sculpture  
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner  
Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork  

Types

Types
Igneous rock  
Kenyte  

Features
Host Rock for Lead  
Application of acids on the surface causes cloudy frosting, Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Dissolves in hydrochloric acid, Is one of the oldest rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.  
Phonolite are formed due to alkaline igneous activities and are generally formed in thick continental crustal areas or in Cordilleran subduction zones.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene  
Albite, Amphibole, Biotite, Cancrinite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Sodalite  

Compound Content
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide  
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
Contact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
6.5  
5.5-6  

Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
Uneven  
Conchoidal to Uneven  

Streak
Bluish Black  
White  

Porosity
Very Less Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Subvitreous to Dull  
Greasy to Dull  

Compressive Strength
90.00 N/mm2  
32
150.00 N/mm2  
22

Cleavage
Crenulation and Pervasive  
-  

Toughness
2.4  
-  

Specific Gravity
2.86  
2.6  

Transparency
Opaque  
Translucent to Opaque  

Density
2.8-2.9 g/cm3  
2.6 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
-  
Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Vietnam  

Africa
Namibia, Uganda  
Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa  

Europe
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain  
Andorra, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden  

Others
-  
Greenland  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
-  
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, Venezuela  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia  
New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Tephrite and Phonolite Properties

Know all about Tephrite and Phonolite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tephrite and Phonolite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Phonolite is Granular. Tephrite appears Vesicular and Phonolite appears Banded and Foilated. The luster of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull while that of Phonolite is greasy to dull. Tephrite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors whereas Phonolite is available in brown, buff, cream, green, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner and that of Phonolite are cemetery markers, creating artwork.

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