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Scoria and Anthracite


Anthracite and Scoria


Definition

Definition
Scoria is a dark-colored extrusive igneous rock with abundant round bubble-like cavities   
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster   

History
  
  

Origin
Unknown   
Pennsylvania, U.S.   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Unknown   

Etymology
From late Middle English (denoting slag from molten metal), from Greek skōria refuse, from skōr dung   
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Metamorphic Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock   
Durable Rock, Soft Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic   
Not Applicable   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Vesicular   
Amorphous, Glassy   

Color
Black, Brown, Dark Grey to Black, Red   
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
Yes   
No   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
No   

Stain Resistant
No   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
No   

Acid Resistant
No   
No   

Appearance
Glassy and Vesicular   
Veined or Pebbled   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration   
Not Yet Used   

Exterior Uses
Garden Decoration, Paving Stone   
Not Yet Used   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Not Yet Used   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, In landscaping and drainage works   
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture   
Not Yet Used   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
As a traction material on snow-covered roads, Creating Artwork, High-temperature insulation, In gas barbecue grills   
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry   

Types

Types
Not Available   
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite   

Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Generally rough to touch, Surfaces are often shiny   
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Data Not Available   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Not Applicable   

Pictographs
Used   
Used   

Petroglyphs
Used   
Used   

Figurines
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Scoria forms when magma containing huge amount of dissolved gas flows from a volcano during an eruption.   
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz, Silica   
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals   

Compound Content
Ca, NaCl   
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism   
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
No   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Not Applicable   

Erosion
Yes   
No   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion   
Not Applicable   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
5-6   
1-1.5   

Grain Size
Fine Grained   
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Conchoidal   
Conchoidal   

Streak
White   
Black   

Porosity
Highly Porous   
Less Porous   

Luster
Subvitreous to Dull   
Shiny   

Cleavage
Perfect   
Non-Existent   

Toughness
2.1   
Not Available   

Specific Gravity
Not Available   
1.1-1.4   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
Not Available   
1.25-2.5 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
Not Available   
1.32 kJ/Kg K   
4

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia   
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam   

Africa
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania   
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania   

Europe
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey   
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, USA   
Canada, Mexico, USA   

South America
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru   
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand, Western Australia   
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Scoria and Anthracite Properties

Know all about Scoria and Anthracite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Scoria belongs to Igneous Rocks while Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Scoria is Vesicular whereas that of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy. Scoria appears Glassy and Vesicular and Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Scoria is subvitreous to dull while that of Anthracite is shiny. Scoria is available in black, brown, dark grey to black, red colors whereas Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Scoria are as a traction material on snow-covered roads, creating artwork, high-temperature insulation, in gas barbecue grills and that of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.

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