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Obsidian and Carbonatite


Carbonatite and Obsidian


Definition

Definition
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimum crystal growth  
Carbonatite is intrusive or extrusive igneous rock which is defined by mineralogic composition, consisting of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals  

History
  
  

Origin
Ethiopia  
Tanzania  

Discoverer
Obsius  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Latin obsidianus, misprint of Obsianus (lapis) (stone) of Obsius  
From any intrusive igneous rock, having a majority of carbonate minerals  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Soft Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic  
Plutonic  

Other Categories
Opaque Rock  
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Glassy  
Granular, Poikiloblastic  

Color
Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Orange, Red, Tan, Yellow  
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Pink, White  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
No  

Stain Resistant
No  
No  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
No  

Appearance
Shiny  
Dull, Banded and Foilated  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
Garden Decoration  
As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Knives, Scrapers, Spear Points  
As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories  

Medical Industry
Surgery  
Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery  
Artifacts  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Mirror, Used in aquariums  
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux  

Types

Types
Fireworks Obsidian, Mahogany, Sheen Obsidian, Snowflake obsidian and Velvet Peacock Obsidian  
Carbonatite  

Features
Blocks negativity, Helps to protect against depression  
Available in lots of colors, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
When the lava is released from volcano, it undergoes a very rapid cooling which freezes the mechanisms of crystallization. The result is a volcanic glass with a uniform smooth texture.  
Carbonatites are intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks which are defined by mineralogic composition consisting of greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals and are formed due to low degrees of partial melting of rocks.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
-  
Ancylite, Apatite, Barite, Fluorite, Magnetite, Natrolite, Sodalite  

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Sodium Oxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism  
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Wind Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
5-5.5  
3  

Grain Size
-  
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
White  
White  

Porosity
Very Less Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Vitreous  
Subvitreous to Dull  

Compressive Strength
0.15 N/mm2  
99+
75.00 N/mm2  
34

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
1  

Specific Gravity
2.6-2.7  
2.86-2.87  

Transparency
Translucent  
Opaque  

Density
2.6 g/cm3  
2.84-2.86 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10
0.51 kJ/Kg K  
29

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Water Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia  
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan  

Africa
Kenya  
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa  

Europe
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey  
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom  

Others
-  
Greenland  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru  
Brazil  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand  
New South Wales, New Zealand  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Obsidian and Carbonatite Properties

Know all about Obsidian and Carbonatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Obsidian and Carbonatite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Obsidian is Glassy whereas that of Carbonatite is Granular, Poikiloblastic. Obsidian appears Shiny and Carbonatite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Obsidian is vitreous while that of Carbonatite is subvitreous to dull. Obsidian is available in black, blue, brown, green, orange, red, tan, yellow colors whereas Carbonatite is available in black, brown, green, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Obsidian are creating artwork, mirror, used in aquariums and that of Carbonatite are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux.

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