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Obsidian and Basaltic Trachyandesite


Basaltic Trachyandesite and Obsidian


Definition

Definition
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimum crystal growth  
Basaltic Trachyandesite is an extrusive igneous rock which is a type of Basalt rock and is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the Earth's surface  

History
  
  

Origin
Ethiopia  
-  

Discoverer
Obsius  
Unknown  

Etymology
From Latin obsidianus, misprint of Obsianus (lapis) (stone) of Obsius  
From its mineral and compound content and its relation with Basalt and Andesite rock  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Opaque Rock  
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Glassy  
Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular  

Color
Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Orange, Red, Tan, Yellow  
Black, Brown, Light to Dark Grey  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
No  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
No  
Yes  

Wind Resistant
No  
No  

Acid Resistant
No  
Yes  

Appearance
Shiny  
Dull and Soft  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  
Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens  

Exterior Uses
Garden Decoration  
As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings  

Other Architectural Uses
-  
Curbing, Whetstones  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Knives, Scrapers, Spear Points  
As Dimension Stone, Cobblestones, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone  

Medical Industry
Surgery  
-  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery  
Artifacts, Monuments  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Mirror, Used in aquariums  
An Oil and Gas Reservoir, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork  

Types

Types
Fireworks Obsidian, Mahogany, Sheen Obsidian, Snowflake obsidian and Velvet Peacock Obsidian  
Alkaline Basalt, Boninite, High Alumina Basalt, Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB), Tholeiitic Basalt, Basaltic trachyandesite, Mugearite and Shoshonite  

Features
Blocks negativity, Helps to protect against depression  
Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate, Very fine grained rock  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
When the lava is released from volcano, it undergoes a very rapid cooling which freezes the mechanisms of crystallization. The result is a volcanic glass with a uniform smooth texture.  
Basaltic Trachandesite is a fine-grained, hard rock that forms when bits of lava shoot out of volcanoes.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
-  
Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene  

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism  
Contact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
No  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion  
-  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
5-5.5  
6  

Grain Size
-  
Fine Grained  

Fracture
Conchoidal  
Conchoidal  

Streak
White  
White to Grey  

Porosity
Very Less Porous  
Less Porous  

Luster
Vitreous  
-  

Compressive Strength
0.15 N/mm2  
99+
37.50 N/mm2  
99+

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
2.3  

Specific Gravity
2.6-2.7  
2.8-3  

Transparency
Translucent  
Opaque  

Density
2.6 g/cm3  
2.9-3.1 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia  
India, Russia  

Africa
Kenya  
South Africa  

Europe
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey  
Iceland  

Others
-  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, Mexico, USA  
Canada, USA  

South America
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru  
Brazil  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand  
-  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Obsidian and Basaltic Trachyandesite Properties

Know all about Obsidian and Basaltic Trachyandesite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Obsidian and Basaltic Trachyandesite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Obsidian is Glassy whereas that of Basaltic Trachyandesite is Glassy, Massive, Porphyritic, Scoriaceous, Vesicular. Obsidian appears Shiny and Basaltic Trachyandesite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Obsidian is vitreous while that of Basaltic Trachyandesite is . Obsidian is available in black, blue, brown, green, orange, red, tan, yellow colors whereas Basaltic Trachyandesite is available in black, brown, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Obsidian are creating artwork, mirror, used in aquariums and that of Basaltic Trachyandesite are an oil and gas reservoir, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.

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