Ijolite and Tephrite

Ijolite

Tephrite

Definition

Ijolite is an intrusive igneous rock which is composed mainly of nepheline and an alkali pyroxene, usually aegirine-augite

Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock

History

Origin

Finland, Europe

Germany

Discoverer

Unknown

Van Tooren

Etymology

From the first syllable of the Finnish words Ii-vaara, Iijoki, &c. commonly used geographical names in Finland, and the Gr. Xiflos, a stone

From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn

Class

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic

Volcanic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Earthy, Granular

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Color

Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

Yes

Scratch Resistant

Yes

Stain Resistant

Wind Resistant

Yes

Acid Resistant

Appearance

Banded and Foilated

Vesicular

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

Landscaping

Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Types

Not Available

Features

Application of acids on the surface causes cloudy frosting, Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Is one of the oldest rock

Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

Sculpture

Used

Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Pictographs

Used

Not Used

Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

Figurines

Used

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Ijolite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Albite, Amphibole, Biotite, Cancrinite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Sodalite

Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

Yes

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

Yes

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

Yes

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

5.5-6

6.5

Grain Size

Coarse Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal to Uneven

Uneven

Streak

White

Bluish Black

Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Greasy to Dull

Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

Not Available

90.00 N/mm²

Cleavage

Poor

Crenulation and Pervasive

Toughness

Not Available

2.4

Specific Gravity

2.6-2.76

2.86

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.6 g/cm³

2.8-2.9 g/cm³

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

Not Available

0.92 kJ/Kg K

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam

Not Yet Found

Africa

Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Namibia, Uganda

Europe

England, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, United Kingdom

Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Others

Not Yet Found

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

USA

South America

Colombia

Not Yet Found

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

Summary >>

<< Reserves

All about Ijolite and Tephrite Properties

Know all about Ijolite and Tephrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Ijolite and Tephrite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Ijolite is Earthy, Granular whereas that of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Ijolite appears Banded and Foilated and Tephrite appears Vesicular. The luster of Ijolite is greasy to dull while that of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull. Ijolite is available in brown, buff, cream, green, grey, pink, white colors whereas Tephrite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Ijolite are cemetery markers, creating artwork and that of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner.