Gossan

Hornfels

Gossan and Hornfels

Gossan

Hornfels

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Hornfels is a metamorphic rock formed by the contact between mudstone or other clay rich rock, and a hot igneous body, and represents a heat altered equivalent of the original rock

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Indonesia

New Zealand

1.2.2 Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From German which means hornstone

1.4 Class

Metamorphic Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Rough, Sandy

Granular, Platy

2.2 Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Reddish Brown

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5 Appearance

Dull and Banded

Dull

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

for Road Aggregate, Roadstone

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Artifacts, Monuments

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

2 Types

2.1 Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Biotite hornfels

2.3 Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Smooth to touch

2.4 Archaeological Significance

2.4.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

2.4.3 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

2.4.4 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

2.4.6 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

2.4.7 Pictographs

Used

2.5.1 Petroglyphs

Used

2.5.3 Figurines

Not Yet Used

2.6 Fossils

Absent

3 Formation

3.1 Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Hornfels is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

3.3 Composition

3.3.1 Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Andalusite

3.4.2 Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Fe, Mg

3.5 Transformation

3.5.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

3.5.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

3.5.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

3.5.4 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering

3.5.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !

3.5.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

4 Properties

4.1 Physical Properties

4.1.1 Hardness

4-5

2-3

4.1.2 Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Fine Grained

4.1.3 Fracture

Conchoidal

4.1.4 Streak

White to Grey

Unknown

4.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

4.1.6 Luster

Metallic

Shiny

4.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

⊕

▶

▼

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

5.80 N/mm²

Rank: 31 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

⊕

▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

4.1.8 Cleavage

Not Available

Perfect

4.1.9 Toughness

Not Available

Not Yet Found

4.1.10 Specific Gravity

2.0

3.4-3.9

4.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

4.1.12 Density

Not Available

0.25-0.30 g/cm³

4.2 Thermal Properties

4.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

⊕

▶

▼

0.24 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 24 (Overall)▶

0.84 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 15 (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

⊕

▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

4.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

5 Reserves

5.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

5.1.1 Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, North Korea, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Thailand

5.1.2 Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Cameroon, East Africa, Tanzania, Western Africa

5.1.3 Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

United Kingdom

5.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

5.2 Deposits in Western Continents

5.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

5.2.2 South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

5.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

5.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

All about Gossan and Hornfels Properties

Know all about Gossan and Hornfels properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan and Hornfels belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Hornfels is Granular, Platy. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Hornfels appears Dull. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Hornfels is shiny. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Hornfels is available in brown, dark greenish - grey, green, reddish brown colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Hornfels are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.