Gossan

Anthracite

Gossan and Anthracite

Gossan

Anthracite

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Definition

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

History

Origin

Indonesia

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Discoverer

Cornish Gossen

Unknown

Etymology

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Rough, Sandy

Amorphous, Glassy

Color

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull and Banded

Veined or Pebbled

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Types

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Features

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Composition

Mineral Content

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-51-1.5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine to Medium Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

White to Grey

Black

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Metallic

Shiny

Compressive Strength

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

2.01.1-1.4

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

-9999 g/cm³1.25-2.5 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.24 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

All about Gossan and Anthracite Properties

Know all about Gossan and Anthracite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gossan and Anthracite belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Gossan is Rough, Sandy whereas that of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy. Gossan appears Dull and Banded and Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Gossan is metallic while that of Anthracite is shiny. Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors whereas Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors. The commercial uses of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone and that of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry.