Formation of Coal and Chalk

Coal

Chalk

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1 Formation

1.1 Formation

Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.

Chalk is formed from lime mud, which accumulates on the sea floor which is then transformed into rock by geological processes.

1.2 Composition

1.2.1 Mineral Content

Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals, Quartz, Sand

1.1.1 Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Ca, NaCl, CaO

1.2 Transformation

1.2.1 Metamorphism

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1.3.1 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Not Applicable

1.4.1 Weathering

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1.4.2 Types of Weathering

Not Applicable

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

1.5.1 Erosion

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1.5.3 Types of Erosion

Not Applicable

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Coal and Chalk Formation

Formation of rocks is a long process and hence, Coal and Chalk formation sounds very interesting. According to the formation, all rocks are divided into :Igneous Rocks, Fossil Rocks and Metamorphic Rocks. Igneous rocks form by crystallization of magma or lava. The magma is made up of various components of pre-existing rocks which have been subjected to melting either at subduction zones or within the Earth's mantle. Igneous rocks are generally seen at mid ocean ridges or in intra-plate hotspots. Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments accumulate gradually. As the sediments are buried they get compacted as more and more material is deposited on top. Eventually the sediments become so dense that they form a rock. Metamorphic rocks are rocks which once existed as igneous or sedimentary rocks but have been subjected to varying degrees of pressure and heat within the Earth's crust. Get to know all about formation of Coal and Chalk, composition of Coal and Chalk and their transformation.