Coal

Migmatite

Coal and Migmatite

Coal

Migmatite

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Definition

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers called coal beds

Migmatite is typically a granitic rock within a metamorphic host rock which is composed of two intermingled but distinguishable components

History

Origin

USA

Southern Alps, France

Discoverer

John Peter Salley

Jakob Sederholm

Etymology

From the Old English term col, which has meant mineral of fossilized carbon since the 13th century

From the Greek word migma which means a mixture

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Foliated

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Brown- Black, Dark Greenish - Grey, Dark Grey to Black

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Dull, Banded and Foilated

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Flooring, Kitchens

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used to manufracture paperweights and bookends

Types

Peat, Lignite, Sub-Bituminous Coal, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Graphite

Diatexites and Metatexites

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment which is buried by sediments such as mud or sand and then compacted to form coal.

Migmatites form by high temperature regional and thermal metamorphism of protolith rocks where rocks melt partially due to high temperature.

Composition

Mineral Content

Analcime, Apatite, Barite, Calcite, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite, Chromite, Clausthalite, Clay Minerals, Crandallite Group, Dolomite, Feldspar, Galena, Gypsum, Marcasite, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Siderite, Sphalerite, Zircon

Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.55.5-6.5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Irregular

Streak

Black

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Dull to Pearly to Subvitreous

Compressive Strength

-120.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

1.2

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.65-2.75

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

1100-1400 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K0.79 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria

All about Coal and Migmatite Properties

Know all about Coal and Migmatite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Coal belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Migmatite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Coal is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Migmatite is Foliated. Coal appears Veined or Pebbled and Migmatite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Coal is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Migmatite is dull to pearly to subvitreous. Coal is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Migmatite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, brown- black, dark greenish - grey, dark grey to black colors. The commercial uses of Coal are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Migmatite are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used to manufracture paperweights and bookends.