Breccia

Gossan

Breccia and Gossan

Breccia

Gossan

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Definition

Breccia is a rock consisting of angular fragments of stones which are cemented by finer calcareous material

Gossan is intensely oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock, usually the upper and exposed part of an ore deposit or mineral vein.

History

Origin

England

Indonesia

Discoverer

Unknown

Cornish Gossen

Etymology

From Italian, literally gravel, Germanic origin and related to break

From Cornish gossen from gos, blood from Old Cornish guit

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Brecciated, Clastic

Rough, Sandy

Color

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red, Rust, White, Yellow

Brown, Brown- Black, Gold, Green, Rust

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Construction Aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Gemstone

Types

Collapse Breccia, Fault Breccia, Flow Breccia, Pyroclastic Breccia, Igneous Breccia and Impact Breccia

Translocated gossan and Leakage gossan

Features

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Clasts are smooth to touch

Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock which is composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock which are cemented together by a fine-grained matrix and it forms where broken, angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate.

Earth movements can cause rocks to be either deeply buried or squeezed and hence the rocks are heated and put under great pressure.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Phosphates, Quartz, Silica

Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Bronzite, Calcite, Chert, Epidote, Feldspar, Hornblende, Micas, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Sulfides, Zircon

Compound Content

Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Fe, FeO, Silicon Dioxide, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

74-5

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Medium to Coarse Grained

Fine to Medium Grained

Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal

Streak

White

White to Grey

Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

Luster

Dull to Pearly

Metallic

Compressive Strength

180.00 N/mm²-

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

2.86-2.872.0

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

0 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.84 kJ/Kg K0.24 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, South Korea, Uzbekistan

China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Singapore, South Korea

Africa

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, Western Africa

Europe

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Albania, France, Germany, Great Britain, United Kingdom

Others

Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Barbados, Canada, Mexico, Panama, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Brazil

Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand

New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Breccia and Gossan Properties

Know all about Breccia and Gossan properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Breccia belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Gossan belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Breccia is Brecciated, Clastic whereas that of Gossan is Rough, Sandy. Breccia appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny and Gossan appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Breccia is dull to pearly while that of Gossan is metallic. Breccia is available in beige, black, blue, brown, buff, green, grey, orange, pink, purple, red, rust, white, yellow colors whereas Gossan is available in brown, brown- black, gold, green, rust colors. The commercial uses of Breccia are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry and that of Gossan are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, gemstone.