1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
Schist is a medium grade metamorphic rock with medium to large, flat, sheet like grains in a preferred orientation
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Pennsylvania, U.S.
Unknown
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
From French schiste, Greek skhistos i.e. split
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Foliated, Platy
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Black, Blue, Brown, Dark Brown, Green, Grey, Silver
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Layered and Shiny
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Roadstone
3.2.2 Medical Industry
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
1.2 Other Uses
1.2.1 Commercial Uses
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
Used in aquariums, Writing Slates
2 Types
2.1 Types
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
Mica Schists, Calc-Silicate Schists, Graphite Schists, Blueschists, Whiteschists, Greenschists, Hornblende Schist, Talc Schist, Chlorite Schist, Garnet Schist, Glaucophane schist.
2.2 Features
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Easily splits into thin plates, Smooth to touch
2.3 Archaeological Significance
2.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
2.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
2.3.5 Pictographs
2.3.6 Petroglyphs
2.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
2.4 Fossils
3 Formation
3.1 Formation
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
Schist formed by dynamic metamorphism at high temperatures and pressures that aligns the grains of mica, hornblende and other elongated minerals into thin layers.
3.2 Composition
3.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
Alusite, Amphibole, Biotite, Chlorite, Epidote, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Kyanite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Porphyroblasts, Quartz, Sillimanite, Staurolite, Talc
3.2.2 Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO
3.3 Transformation
3.3.1 Metamorphism
3.4.1 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
Not Applicable
3.4.2 Weathering
3.5.2 Types of Weathering
Not Applicable
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
3.5.3 Erosion
3.7.1 Types of Erosion
Not Applicable
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
4 Properties
4.1 Physical Properties
4.0.1 Hardness
8.2.3 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
8.3.2 Fracture
8.3.4 Streak
8.3.6 Porosity
Less Porous
Highly Porous
8.3.8 Luster
8.3.10 Compressive Strength
9.1.8 Cleavage
9.1.9 Toughness
9.1.10 Specific Gravity
9.1.11 Transparency
9.1.12 Density
1.25-2.5 g/cm32.8-2.9 g/cm3
0
1400
9.2 Thermal Properties
9.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
9.2.4 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Water Resistant
10 Reserves
10.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
10.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam
10.1.2 Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa
10.1.3 Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Austria, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
10.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
10.2 Deposits in Western Continents
10.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA
10.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Brazil, Colombia, Guyana
10.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
10.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland