Anthracite

Marl

Anthracite and Marl

Anthracite

Marl

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Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

Marl is an unconsolidated sedimentary rock consisting of clay and lime

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Discoverer

Unknown

William Smith

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

From Old French marle, from Late Latin marglia

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Earthy

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Beige, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Rough and Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Roof Tiles

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Clay Marl ,Blue Marl, Red Marl, High Bank Marl, Shell Layer Marl, Under Shell Layer Marl, Sand Marl, Green Marl, Grey Marl and Clayey Marl

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Splintery, Very fine grained rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Present

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Marl forms when very fine-grained clay particles are deposited in water which settles at the bottom of water bodies and are compacted by overlying sediment; the water squeezes out and hence forming Marl rock.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Calcite, Clay, Dolomite, Gypsum, Micas, Pyrite, Quartz

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.52-3

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Very fine-grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Black

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

Luster

Shiny

Dull

Compressive Strength

-30.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

2.6

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.2-2.8

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³2.4-2.8 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K0.80 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

India, Pakistan, Russia

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia

All about Anthracite and Marl Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Marl properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Marl belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Marl is Earthy. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Marl appears Rough and Dull. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Marl is dull. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Marl is available in beige, brown, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Marl are creating artwork, soil conditioner.