Anthracite

Comendite

Anthracite and Comendite

Anthracite

Comendite

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Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

Comendite is a hard, peralkaline igneous rock, a type of light blue grey rhyolite

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Italy

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

Comendite derives its name from the area of Le Commende on San Pietro Island in Italy

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Porphyritic

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Blue, Bluish - Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Foliated

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Cemetery Markers

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Rhyolite

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Very fine grained rock, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Comendite is a type of Igneous rock which is formed due to cooling and solidification of lava or magma. It may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Albite, Amphibole, Quartz

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Al, Fe, Potassium Oxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.56-7

1 7

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Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Medium Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Pervasive

Streak

Black

Bluish Black

Porosity

Less Porous

Highly Porous

Luster

Shiny

Dull

Compressive Strength

-92.40 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.38

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³-9999 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K0.79 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

China

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

East Africa

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Italy

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Queensland

All about Anthracite and Comendite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Comendite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Comendite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Comendite is Porphyritic. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Comendite appears Foliated. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Comendite is dull. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Comendite is available in blue, bluish - grey colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Comendite are cemetery markers.