Anthracite

Cataclasite

Anthracite and Cataclasite

Anthracite

Cataclasite

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Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

Cataclasite is a type of cataclastic rock that is formed by fracturing and comminution during faulting. It is normally cohesive and non-foliated, consisting of angular clasts in a finer-grained matrix

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Swiss Alps, Europe

Discoverer

Unknown

Michael Tellinger

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

From the Italian word cataclasi

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Clastic

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Brown, Green, White, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Dull and Banded

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Protocataclasite, Mesocataclasite, Ultracataclasite and Foliated cataclasite

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Easily splits into thin plates, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

Cataclasiste rocks mainly form by pressure deep under the Earth's surface, from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Albite, Apatite, Augite, Biotite, Calcite, Enstatite, Epidote, Feldspar, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Coastal Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.53-4

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fine Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Black

Porosity

Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Vitreous

Compressive Strength

-50.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.1

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³2.9-3.1 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

China, India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, South Africa

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

England, Finland, France, Spain, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

Canada, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Argentina, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Anthracite and Cataclasite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Cataclasite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite and Cataclasite belong to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Cataclasite is Clastic. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Cataclasite appears Dull and Banded. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Cataclasite is vitreous. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Cataclasite is available in brown, green, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Cataclasite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork.