Anthracite

Appinite

Anthracite and Appinite

Anthracite

Appinite

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Definition

Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster

Appinite is an igneous rock in which the crystals are so fine grained that individual minerals cannot be easily distinguished

History

Origin

Pennsylvania, U.S.

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal

From the variety of Lamprophyre Greek lampros bright and shining + porphureos purple

Class

Metamorphic Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Porphyritic

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Bluish - Grey, Brown, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Grey

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Dull, Banded and Foilated

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Whetstones

Industry

Construction Industry

Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

Medical Industry

In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Types

Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite

Igneous rock

Features

Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

The formation of Appinite takes place deep beneath the Earth’s surface at around 150 to 450 kms, and are erupted rapidly and violently.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals

Amphibole, Carbonate, Garnet, Micas, Olivine, Phlogopite, Pyroxene

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

1-1.55-6

1 7

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Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fine to Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Black

White

Porosity

Less Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Shiny

Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

-185.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

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Cleavage

Conchoidal

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.86-2.87

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Translucent to Opaque

Density

1.25-2.5 g/cm³2.95-2.96 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.32 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Water Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Russia

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

England, Hungary, Iceland, United Kingdom

Others

Antarctica, Greenland

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Anthracite and Appinite Properties

Know all about Anthracite and Appinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Anthracite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Appinite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Anthracite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Appinite is Porphyritic. Anthracite appears Veined or Pebbled and Appinite appears Dull, Banded and Foilated. The luster of Anthracite is shiny while that of Appinite is subvitreous to dull. Anthracite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Appinite is available in black, bluish - grey, brown, dark greenish - grey, green, grey colors. The commercial uses of Anthracite are alumina refineries, electricity generation, liquid fuel, manufacture of soap, solvents, dyes, plastics and fibres, paper industry and that of Appinite are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux, production of lime, soil conditioner.