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Andesite and Tephrite


Tephrite and Andesite


Definition

Definition
Andesite is a dark, fine-grained, brown or greyish intermediate volcanic rock which is a commonly found in lava   
Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock   

History
  
  

Origin
North America   
Germany   

Discoverer
Unknown   
Van Tooren   

Etymology
From Andes mountains, where it is found in abundance   
From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn   

Class
Igneous Rocks   
Igneous Rocks   

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   
Durable Rock, Hard Rock   

Family
  
  

Group
Volcanic   
Volcanic   

Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock   

Texture

Texture
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   
Aphanitic to Porphyritic   

Color
Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow   
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White   

Maintenance
More   
Less   

Durability
Durable   
Durable   

Water Resistant
No   
Yes   

Scratch Resistant
Yes   
Yes   

Stain Resistant
Yes   
No   

Wind Resistant
No   
Yes   

Acid Resistant
Yes   
No   

Appearance
Dull and Soft   
Vesicular   

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens   
Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration   

Exterior Uses
Office Buildings, Roof Tiles   
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings   

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing   
Curbing   

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate   
Landscaping   

Medical Industry
Not Yet Used   
Not Yet Used   

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines   
Artifacts, Sculpture   

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork   
Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner   

Types

Types
Icelandite   
Not Available   

Features
Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock   
Host Rock for Lead   

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
Used   
Not Yet Used   

Famous Monuments
Middle of the Earth in Ecuador   
Not Applicable   

Sculpture
Used   
Used   

Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available   
Data Not Available   

Pictographs
Not Used   
Not Used   

Petroglyphs
Not Used   
Not Used   

Figurines
Used   
Used   

Fossils
Absent   
Absent   

Formation

Formation
Andesite is a fine-grained igneous rock that forms when the magma is erupted onto the surface and is crystallized quickly.   
Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.   

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Zircon   
Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene   

Compound Content
Silicon Dioxide   
CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide   

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   
Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism   

Weathering
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering   

Erosion
Yes   
Yes   

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion   
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion   

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
7   
6.5   

Grain Size
Very fine-grained   
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained   

Fracture
Uneven   
Uneven   

Streak
White   
Bluish Black   

Porosity
Less Porous   
Very Less Porous   

Luster
Vitreous   
Subvitreous to Dull   

Compressive Strength
225.00 N/mm2   
7
90.00 N/mm2   
22

Cleavage
Not Available   
Crenulation and Pervasive   

Toughness
1.1   
2.4   

Specific Gravity
2.5-2.8   
2.86   

Transparency
Opaque   
Opaque   

Density
2.11-2.36 g/cm3   
2.8-2.9 g/cm3   

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
2.39 kJ/Kg K   
2
0.92 kJ/Kg K   
10

Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant   
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant   

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea   
Not Yet Found   

Africa
Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania   
Namibia, Uganda   

Europe
Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom   
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain   

Others
Not Yet Found   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Mexico, USA   
USA   

South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela   
Not Yet Found   

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia   
New Zealand, Western Australia   

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Andesite and Tephrite Properties

Know all about Andesite and Tephrite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Andesite and Tephrite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Andesite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Andesite appears Dull and Soft and Tephrite appears Vesicular. The luster of Andesite is vitreous while that of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull. Andesite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors whereas Tephrite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Andesite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork and that of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner.

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