Tephrite

Breccia

Tephrite and Breccia

Tephrite

Breccia

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Tephrite is an aphanitic to porphyritic textured, volcanic igneous rock

Breccia is a rock consisting of angular fragments of stones which are cemented by finer calcareous material

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Germany

England

1.2.2 Discoverer

Van Tooren

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Greek tephra, ashes from Indo-European base, to burn

From Italian, literally gravel, Germanic origin and related to break

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.2 Group

Volcanic

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Brecciated, Clastic

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red, Rust, White, Yellow

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.3 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.5 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.4.7 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5.2 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

2.6 Appearance

Vesicular

Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Landscaping

As Dimension Stone, Construction Aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Sculpture

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner

Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

Collapse Breccia, Fault Breccia, Flow Breccia, Pyroclastic Breccia, Igneous Breccia and Impact Breccia

4.2 Features

Host Rock for Lead

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Clasts are smooth to touch

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Tephrite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock which is composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock which are cemented together by a fine-grained matrix and it forms where broken, angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Alkali feldspar, Nepheline, Plagioclase, Pyroxene

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Phosphates, Quartz, Silica

5.2.2 Compound Content

CaO, Carbon Dioxide, MgO, Silicon Dioxide

Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

Chemical Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

6.5

6.1.2 Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Medium to Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

6.1.4 Streak

Bluish Black

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Very Less Porous

Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Subvitreous to Dull

Dull to Pearly

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

⊕

▶

▼

90.00 N/mm²

Rank: 22 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

⊕

▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

7.1.5 Cleavage

Crenulation and Pervasive

Non-Existent

7.1.6 Toughness

2.4

Not Available

7.2.2 Specific Gravity

2.86

2.86-2.87

7.2.3 Transparency

Opaque

7.2.5 Density

2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 g/cm³

7.3 Thermal Properties

7.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

0.92 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 10 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

⊕

▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

7.4.3 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

8 Reserves

8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

8.1.1 Asia

Not Yet Found

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, South Korea, Uzbekistan

8.1.2 Africa

Namibia, Uganda

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

8.1.3 Europe

Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

8.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland

8.2 Deposits in Western Continents

8.2.1 North America

USA

Barbados, Canada, Mexico, Panama, USA

8.2.2 South America

Not Yet Found

Brazil

8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

8.3.1 Australia

New Zealand, Western Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand

All about Tephrite and Breccia Properties

Know all about Tephrite and Breccia properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tephrite belongs to Igneous Rocks while Breccia belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Tephrite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic whereas that of Breccia is Brecciated, Clastic. Tephrite appears Vesicular and Breccia appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. The luster of Tephrite is subvitreous to dull while that of Breccia is dull to pearly. Tephrite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors whereas Breccia is available in beige, black, blue, brown, buff, green, grey, orange, pink, purple, red, rust, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Tephrite are production of lime, soil conditioner and that of Breccia are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry.