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Lignite

Porphyry
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Lignite and Porphyry

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat
Porphyry is a reddish-brown to purple igneous rock containing large phenocrysts of various minerals embedded in a fine-grained matrix
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
France
Egypt
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1
From Old French porfire, from Italian porfiro and in some cases directly from Latin porphyrites
1.4 Class
Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Plutonic
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Amorphous, Glassy
Porphyritic
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, Red, Rust, White
2.3 Maintenance
Less
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
2.5 Appearance
Veined or Pebbled
Dull
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Not Yet Used
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
Not Yet Used
Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
for Road Aggregate, Steel Production
Construction Aggregate
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Not Yet Used
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Electricity Generation
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry
4 Types
4.1 Types
Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite
Rhomb Porphyry
4.2 Features
Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Surfaces are often shiny
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Data Not Available
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Data Not Available
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
Not Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
Not Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Used
4.4 Fossils
Present
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.
Porphyry is formed in two stages: the magma cools slowly deep within the crust or the magma is cools rapidly as it erupts from a volcano, creating small grains that are usually invisible to naked eye.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Not Available
Biotite, Chert, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Quartz, Silica
5.2.2 Compound Content
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Not Applicable
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
5.3.3 Weathering
78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Not Registered
5.3.5 Erosion
86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
1
6-7
6.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Conchoidal
Irregular
6.1.4 Streak
Black
White
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
Less Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic
Dull
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
What Is Flint
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
What Is Obsidian
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6.1.8 Cleavage
Non-Existent
Imperfect
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
1.7
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
1.1-1.4
2.5-4
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
Translucent to Opaque
6.1.12 Density
800-801 g/cm3
2.5-2.52 g/cm3
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
What Is Banded ..
1.26 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
What Is Granulite
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6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
China, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam
7.1.2 Africa
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa
7.1.3 Europe
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Greenland
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
Canada, Cuba, Jamaica, USA
7.2.2 South America
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Lignite and Porphyry Properties

Know all about Lignite and Porphyry properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Porphyry belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Porphyry is Porphyritic. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Porphyry appears Dull. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Porphyry is dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Porphyry is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, red, rust, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Porphyry are creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry.