Ignimbrite

Ijolite

Ignimbrite and Ijolite

Ignimbrite

Ijolite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Ignimbrite is a volcanic rock consisting mainly of pumice fragments, formed by the consolidation of material deposited by pyroclastic flows

Ijolite is an intrusive igneous rock which is composed mainly of nepheline and an alkali pyroxene, usually aegirine-augite

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

New Zealand

Finland, Europe

1.2.3 Discoverer

Patrick Marshall

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Latin ignis fire + imber, imbr- shower of rain, storm cloud + -ite

From the first syllable of the Finnish words Ii-vaara, Iijoki, &c. commonly used geographical names in Finland, and the Gr. Xiflos, a stone

1.4 Class

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Volcanic

Plutonic

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Aphanitic

Earthy, Granular

2.2 Color

Beige, Black, Brown, Grey, Pink, White

Brown, Buff, Cream, Green, Grey, Pink, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

81% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

86% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

66% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

49% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.5.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

48% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

2.6 Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Banded and Foilated

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

4.2 Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Application of acids on the surface causes cloudy frosting, Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Is one of the oldest rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

4.4 Fossils

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Ignimbrites are formed from very poorly sorted mixture of volcanic ash or tuff and pumice lapilli, commonly with scattered lithic fragments.

Ijolite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Apatite, Biotite, Calcite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Hematite, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Quartz

Albite, Amphibole, Biotite, Cancrinite, Feldspar, Hornblende, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Sodalite

5.2.2 Compound Content

Ca, NaCl

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

97% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

99% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

✔ ✘

92% Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

4-6

5.5-6

6.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Uneven

Conchoidal to Uneven

6.1.4 Streak

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Greasy to Dull

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

What Is Flint

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243.80 N/mm²

Rank: 5 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Obsidian

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▶

175 (What Is Grani..)

◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

7.3.2 Cleavage

Not Available

Poor

7.3.3 Toughness

Not Available

7.3.4 Specific Gravity

2.73

2.6-2.76

7.3.5 Transparency

Opaque

7.3.6 Density

1-1.8 g/cm³

2.6 g/cm³

7.4 Thermal Properties

7.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity

What Is Banded ..

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▶

▼

0.20 kJ/Kg K

Rank: 25 (Overall)▶

Not Available

Rank: N/A (Overall)▶

▲

What Is Granulite

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▶

1.09 (What Is Trave..)

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7.4.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Wear Resistant

8 Reserves

8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

8.1.1 Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam

8.1.2 Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Angola, Egypt, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

8.1.3 Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

England, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, United Kingdom

8.1.4 Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Not Yet Found

8.2 Deposits in Western Continents

8.2.1 North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Canada, USA

8.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador

Colombia

8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

8.3.1 Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

New Zealand, Queensland, Western Australia

All about Ignimbrite and Ijolite Properties

Know all about Ignimbrite and Ijolite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Ignimbrite and Ijolite belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Ignimbrite is Aphanitic whereas that of Ijolite is Earthy, Granular. Ignimbrite appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Ijolite appears Banded and Foilated. The luster of Ignimbrite is vitreous to dull while that of Ijolite is greasy to dull. Ignimbrite is available in beige, black, brown, grey, pink, white colors whereas Ijolite is available in brown, buff, cream, green, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Ignimbrite and Ijolite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, creating artwork.