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Gneiss vs Breccia

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks
Breccia is a rock consisting of angular fragments of stones which are cemented by finer calcareous material
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Unknown
England
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From the Middle High German verb gneist (to spark; so called because the rock glitters)
From Italian, literally gravel, Germanic origin and related to break
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Banded, Foliated, Platy
Brecciated, Clastic
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Pink, Red, White
Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Orange, Pink, Purple, Red, Rust, White, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
More
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.5 Appearance
Foliated
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone
As Dimension Stone, Construction Aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts
Artifacts, Sculpture
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums
Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry
4 Types
4.1 Types
Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss.
Collapse Breccia, Fault Breccia, Flow Breccia, Pyroclastic Breccia, Igneous Breccia and Impact Breccia
4.2 Features
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Clasts are smooth to touch
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Konark Sun Temple in India, Washington Monument, US
Not Applicable
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Data Not Available
4.3.5 Pictographs
Not Used
Not Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Not Used
Not Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Present
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock i.e. it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures than schist. It is formed by the metamorphosis of Gneiss forms from volcanic rock, shale or granitie.
Breccia is a clastic sedimentary rock which is composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock which are cemented together by a fine-grained matrix and it forms where broken, angular fragments of rock or mineral debris accumulate.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon
Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Phosphates, Quartz, Silica
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
Aluminium Oxide, Ca, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Impact Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism
5.3.3 Weathering
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion
Chemical Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
7
7
6.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Coarse Grained
Medium to Coarse Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Irregular
Uneven
6.1.4 Streak
White
White
6.1.5 Porosity
Very Less Porous
Less Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Dull
Dull to Pearly
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
Flint
125.00 N/mm2
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Obsidian
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6.1.8 Cleavage
Poor
Non-Existent
6.1.9 Toughness
1.2
Not Available
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
2.5-2.7
2.86-2.87
6.1.11 Transparency
Translucent to Opaque
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
2.6-2.9 g/cm3
0 g/cm3
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
Banded iron for..
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Granulite
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6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia
China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, South Korea, Uzbekistan
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo
Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa
7.1.3 Europe
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Greenland
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA
Barbados, Canada, Mexico, Panama, USA
7.2.2 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Brazil
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, New Zealand

Gneiss vs Breccia Information

Earth’s outer layer is covered by rocks and these rocks have different physical and chemical properties. As two rocks are not same, it’s fun to compare them. You can also know more about Gneiss and Breccia Reserves. Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. Breccia is a rock consisting of angular fragments of stones which are cemented by finer calcareous material. These rocks are composed of many distinct minerals. The process of formation of rocks is different for various rocks. Rocks are quarried from many years for various purposes. You can check out Gneiss vs Breccia information and Gneiss vs Breccia characteristics in the upcoming sections.

Gneiss vs Breccia Characteristics

Though some rocks look identical, they have certain characteristics which distinguish them from others. Characteristics of rocks include texture, appearance, color, fracture, streak, hardness etc. Gneiss vs Breccia characteristics assist us to distinguish and recognize rocks. Also you can check about Properties of Gneiss and Properties of Breccia. Learn more about Gneiss vs Breccia in the next section. The interior uses of Gneiss include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Flooring and Interior decoration whereas the interior uses of Breccia include Countertops, Decorative aggregates, Entryways, Floor tiles, Flooring, Homes, Hotels and Interior decoration. Due to some exceptional properties of Gneiss and Breccia, they have various applications in construction industry. The uses of Gneiss in construction industry include As dimension stone and that of Breccia include As dimension stone, Construction aggregate, Landscaping, Roadstone.

More about Gneiss and Breccia

Here you can know more about Gneiss and Breccia. The life cycle of a rock consists of formation of rock, composition of rock and transformation of rock. The composition of Gneiss and Breccia consists of mineral content and compound content. The mineral content of Gneiss includes Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon and mineral content of Breccia includes Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Phosphates, Quartz, Silica. You can also check out the list of all Metamorphic Rocks. When we have to compare Gneiss vs Breccia, the texture, color and appearance plays an important role in determining the type of rock. Gneiss is available in black, brown, pink, red, white colors whereas, Breccia is available in beige, black, blue, brown, buff, green, grey, orange, pink, purple, red, rust, white, yellow colors. Appearance of Gneiss is Foliated and that of Breccia is Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny. Properties of rock is another aspect for Gneiss vs Breccia. Hardness of Gneiss and Breccia is 7. The types of Gneiss are Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss. whereas types of Breccia are Collapse Breccia, Fault Breccia, Flow Breccia, Pyroclastic Breccia, Igneous Breccia and Impact Breccia. Streak of rock is the color of powder produced when it is dragged across an unweathered surface. The streak of Gneiss and Breccia is white. The specific heat capacity of Gneiss is Not Available and that of Breccia is Not Available. Depending on the properties like hardness, toughness, specific heat capacity, porosity etc., rocks are resistant to heat, wear, impact, etc.Gneiss is heat resistant, pressure resistant, scratch resistant, wear resistant whereas Breccia is heat resistant, impact resistant, pressure resistant, wear resistant.

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