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Gneiss and Novaculite

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1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from pre-existing formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks
Novaculite is a dense, hard, fine-grained, siliceous metamorpic rock which is a type of chert that breaks with conchoidal fracture
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Unknown
Unknown
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From the Middle High German verb gneist (to spark; so called because the rock glitters)
From Latin word novacula, for razor stone
1.4 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
Durable Rock, Hard Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
1.6 Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Banded, Foliated, Platy
Banded, Glassy, Rough, Vitreous
2.2 Color
Black, Brown, Pink, Red, White
Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Red, White
2.3 Maintenance
More
Less
2.4 Durability
Durable
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
81% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
59% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
62% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
42% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
43% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
19% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
38% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
15% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
22% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
2.5 Appearance
Foliated
Glassy or Pearly
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Flooring, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone
As Building Stone, Garden Decoration
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone
Arrowheads, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, Cutting Tool, for Road Aggregate, Knives, Landscaping, Making natural cement, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Rail Track Ballast, Roadstone, Spear Points, Used to sharpen metal tools and weapons
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts
Artifacts, Monuments
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Jewelry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums
Cemetery Markers, Gemstone, In aquifers, In fire-starting tools, Jewelry, Manufacture of tools, Pebbles are used in ball mills to grind in ceramics industry, To determine the gold content of jewelry
4 Types
4.1 Types
Augen Gneiss, Henderson Gneiss, Lewisian Gneiss, Archean and Proterozoic Gneiss.
Not Available
4.2 Features
Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock
Clasts are smooth to touch, Easily splits into thin plates, Has High structural resistance against erosion and climate
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Konark Sun Temple in India, Washington Monument, US
Data Not Available
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
Not Used
Not Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Not Used
Not Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
Present
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Gneiss is a high grade metamorphic rock i.e. it has been subjected to higher temperatures and pressures than schist. It is formed by the metamorphosis of Gneiss forms from volcanic rock, shale or granitie.
Novaculite forms when microcrystals of silicon dioxide grow within soft sediments that become limestone or chalk. The formation of Novaculite can be either of chemical or biological origin.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Biotite, Chlorite, Feldspar, Garnet, Graphite, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Quartz, Quartzite, Silica, Zircon
Quartz, Silicon
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, NaCl, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO, MnO, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
Ca, Silicon Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
50% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
19% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Impact Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
65% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
78% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Not Applicable
5.3.5 Erosion
77% Metamorphic Rocks Rocks have it !
86% Sedimentary Rocks Rocks have it !
5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
7
7
6.1.2 Grain Size
Medium to Coarse Grained
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Irregular
Conchoidal
6.1.4 Streak
White
Colorless
6.1.5 Porosity
Very Less Porous
Less Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Dull
Waxy and Dull
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
What Is Flint
125.00 N/mm2
Rank: 17 (Overall)
450.00 N/mm2
Rank: 1 (Overall)
What Is Obsidian
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1.6.1 Cleavage
Poor
Non-Existent
1.6.2 Toughness
1.2
1.5
2.0.3 Specific Gravity
2.5-2.7
2.5-2.7
2.2.1 Transparency
Translucent to Opaque
Translucent to Opaque
2.2.2 Density
2.6-2.9 g/cm3
2.7 g/cm3
2.4 Thermal Properties
2.4.1 Specific Heat Capacity
What Is Banded ..
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
0.74 kJ/Kg K
Rank: 19 (Overall)
What Is Granulite
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5.1.1 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
6 Reserves
6.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
6.1.1 Asia
China, India, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia
China, India, Iran, Japan, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam
6.1.3 Africa
Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo
Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
6.2.2 Europe
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Monaco, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
6.2.3 Others
Not Yet Found
Greenland, Mid-Atlantic Ridge
6.3 Deposits in Western Continents
6.3.1 North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, USA
Canada, Mexico, USA
6.3.3 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
Bolivia, Brazil
6.4 Deposits in Oceania Continent
6.4.2 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

All about Gneiss and Novaculite Properties

Know all about Gneiss and Novaculite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Gneiss belongs to Metamorphic Rocks while Novaculite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Gneiss is Banded, Foliated, Platy whereas that of Novaculite is Banded, Glassy, Rough, Vitreous. Gneiss appears Foliated and Novaculite appears Glassy or Pearly. The luster of Gneiss is dull while that of Novaculite is waxy and dull. Gneiss is available in black, brown, pink, red, white colors whereas Novaculite is available in black, brown, green, grey, red, white colors. The commercial uses of Gneiss are cemetery markers, jewelry, tombstones, used in aquariums and that of Novaculite are cemetery markers, gemstone, in aquifers, in fire-starting tools, jewelry, manufacture of tools, pebbles are used in ball mills to grind in ceramics industry, to determine the gold content of jewelry.