definisi
ignimbrite punika rock vulkanik dumadi utamané saka pecahan pumice, kawangun dening consolidation saka materi setor dening mili pyroclastic
basalt punika rock igneous extrusive umum kawangun dening cooling kanthi cepet saka lahar basaltic kapapar ing utawa banget cedhak ing lumahing bumi
Sajarah
asal
new zealand
egypt
panemu
Patrick marshall
George Agricola
Etimologi
saka geni ignis latin + Imber, padusan imbr- udan, badai maya + -ite
saka pungkasan basaltes latin (varian saka basanites), watu banget hard, kang diimpor saka basanites greek kuna
kelas
batuan beku
batuan beku
sub-kelas
awet rock, medium atose rock
awet rock, medium atose rock
kulawarga
group
vulkanik
vulkanik
kategori liyane
rock grained nggoleki, rock opaque
rock grained nggoleki, rock opaque
tektur
aphanitic
glassy, massive, porphyritic, scoriaceous, vesicular
werna
ibas, ireng, coklat, grey, pink, putih
ireng, coklat, cahya kanggo werna abu-abu peteng
pangopènan
liyane
liyane
kekiatan
awet
awet
banyu tahan
✔
✘
✔
✘
ngeruk tahan
✔
✘
✔
✘
rereged tahan
✔
✘
✔
✘
angin tahan
✔
✘
✔
✘
asam tahan
✔
✘
✔
✘
katon
kurang, vesicular lan foilated
kurang lan alus
arsitektur
Efesus interior
aggregates hiasan, kothak lantai, homes, interior
kothak lantai, homes, Hotel, pawon
Efesus njaba
minangka watu bangunan, Taman hiasan, bangunan kantor, mapeng watu
minangka watu bangunan, mapeng watu, Taman hiasan, bangunan kantor
Efesus arsitektur liyane
curbing
curbing, whetstones
industri
industri construction
omah bangunan utawa tembok, kanthi jumlah ongko construction
arrowheads, minangka watu ukuran, cobblestones, alat nglereni, alur trek ballast, roadstone
industri medical
-
-
Efesus jaman
artefak, monumen, reca, figurines cilik
artefak, monumen
Panggunaan sanès
komersial
pelaku kuburan, tablet commemorative, nggawe kriya
reservoir lenga lan gas, tablet commemorative, nggawe kriya, digunakake ing akuarium
jinis
Batu piroklastik
basalt alkalin, boninite, basalt alumina dhuwur, agêng segara Pegunungan basalt (morb), basalt tholeiitic, basaltic trachyandesite, mugearite lan shoshonite
fitur
tansah ditemokake minangka pipo vulkanik liwat lemah ndhuwur Continental jero
tahan struktural dhuwur marang erosi lan iklim, rock grained banget nggoleki
pinunjul arkeologi
monumen
-
-
monumen misuwur
-
pulo Paskah ing segitiga Polinesia, pacific segara, Gateway of India ana ing Mumbai, India, gol Gumbaz ing karnataka, india
reca
-
-
patung misuwur
-
-
Pictographs
-
-
petroglyphs
-
-
figurines
-
-
fosil
absen
absen
tatanan
ignimbrites sing kawangun saka dicampur banget lingkungan diurutake saka awu vulkanik utawa tuff lan pumice lapilli, umum karo pecahan lithic kasebar.
basalt formulir nalika lahar tekan lumahing bumi near vulkanik. suhu lava iku antarane 1100 1250 ° c nalika nemu menyang permukaan.
komposisi
isi Mineral
apatite, biotite, kalsit, chlorite, Feldspar, hematite, hornblade, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, pyroxene, quartz
olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene
senyawa isi
ca, NaCl
aluminium oxide, cao, wesi (iii) oxide, feo, kalium oxide, MgO, keda, sodium oxide, fosfor pentoxide, silikon dioksida, titanium dioxide
transformasi
metamorphism
✔
✘
✔
✘
jinis metamorphism
metamorphism kakubur, kontak metamorphism, hidrotermal metamorphism, impact metamorphism, metamorphism regional
kontak metamorphism
cuaca
✔
✘
✔
✘
jinis udan
udan biologi, udan kimia
udan biologi
erosi
✔
✘
✔
✘
jinis erosi
erosi kimia, erosi gisik
-
fisik
atose
4-66
1
7
👆🏻
ukuran gandum
grained nggoleki
grained nggoleki
rengat
ora rata
conchoidal
tilas
putih
putih kanggo werna abu-abu
porosity
Highly keropos
kurang keropos
luster
vitreous kanggo kurang
-
kekuatan compressive
243.80 n / mm 237.40 n / mm 2
0.15
450
👆🏻
cleavage
-
-
kateguhan
-
2.3
tartamtu gravitasi
2.732.8-3
0
8.4
👆🏻
transparan
opaque
opaque
Kapadhetan
1-1.8 g / cm 32.9-3.1 g / cm 3
0
1400
👆🏻
situs termal
kapasitas panas tartamtu
0.20 kj / kg k0.84 kj / kg k
0.14
3.2
👆🏻
resistance
tahan panas, impact tahan, meksa tahan, nyandhang tahan
tahan panas, meksa tahan, nyandhang tahan
celengan ing bawana wétan
asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
India, Russia
africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
South Africa
europe
france, georgia, germany, greece, iceland, italy, Aku tresna sampeyan;, Poland, portugal, spain, united kingdom
iceland
wong
Antartika, pulo hawaii
-
celengan ing bawana kulon
lor amerika
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
Canada, USA
kidul amerika
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador
Brazil
celengan ing Oseania bawana
australia
Central Australia, Western Australia
-