Tuff

Serpentinite

Tuff and Serpentinite

Tuff

Serpentinite

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Definition

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption

A hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle is called as serpentinization, a group of minerals is formed by serpentinization compose rock 'serpentinite'.

History

Origin

Italy

USA

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff

From English word serpentinization.

Class

Igneous Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Clastic, Pyroclastic

Earthy

Color

Brown, Grey, Yellow

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Dull, Vesicular and Foilated

Rough and Dull

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

As Building Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Creating Artwork

Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork

Types

Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.

Jadeitite

Features

Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust

Host Rock for Lead

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Absent

Formation

Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.

Due to change in environmental conditions, rocks are heated and pressurized deep inside the Earth's surface. Serpentinite is formed from the extreme heat caused by magma or by the intense collisions and friction of tectonic plates.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Chlorite

Carbonate, Magnetite, Pyrrhotite, Serpentine, Sulfides

Compound Content

Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide

Ca, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, KCl, MgO, Sulfur Dioxide, Sulphur

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

4-63-5

1 7

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Grain Size

Fine Grained

Very fine-grained

Fracture

Uneven

Streak

White

White, Greenish White or Grey

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Vitreous to Dull

Waxy and Dull

Compressive Strength

243.80 N/mm²310.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

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Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

2.732.79-3

0 8.4

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Transparency

Opaque

Density

1-1.8 g/cm³2.5-3 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

0.20 kJ/Kg K0.95 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen

India, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea

Africa

Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda

Ethiopia, Western Africa

Europe

France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom

England, Georgia, Switzerland, United Kingdom

Others

Antarctica, Hawaii Islands

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA

Canada

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay

Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

Central Australia, New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Tuff and Serpentinite Properties

Know all about Tuff and Serpentinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Tuff belongs to Igneous Rocks while Serpentinite belongs to Metamorphic Rocks.Texture of Tuff is Clastic, Pyroclastic whereas that of Serpentinite is Earthy. Tuff appears Dull, Vesicular and Foilated and Serpentinite appears Rough and Dull. The luster of Tuff is vitreous to dull while that of Serpentinite is waxy and dull. Tuff is available in brown, grey, yellow colors whereas Serpentinite is available in black, brown, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Tuff are creating artwork and that of Serpentinite are commemorative tablets, creating artwork.