1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
Italy
1.2.2 Discoverer
Unknown
1.3 Etymology
From a Latin word tophous then in Italian tufo and finally tuff
1.4 Class
Igneous Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
Volcanic
1.6 Other Categories
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
Clastic, Pyroclastic
2.2 Color
Brown, Grey, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
More
2.4 Durability
Durable
2.4.1 Water Resistant
✔
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81% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
✔
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86% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
✔
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66% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
✔
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49% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
✔
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48% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
2.5 Appearance
Dull, Vesicular and Foilated
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Curbing
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Building houses or walls, Construction Aggregate
3.2.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork
4 Types
4.1 Types
Welded tuff, Rhyolitic tuff, Basaltic tuff, Trachyte tuff, Andesitic tuff and Ignimbrite.
4.2 Features
Always found as volcanic pipes over deep continental crust
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Easter Island in the Polynesian Triangle, Pacific Ocean
4.3.3 Sculpture
Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Data Not Available
4.3.5 Pictographs
Used
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
Used
4.3.7 Figurines
Used
4.4 Fossils
Absent
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
Tuff is formed when large masses of ash and sand which are mixed with hot gases are ejected by a volcano and avalanche rapidly down its slopes.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Calcite, Chlorite
5.2.2 Compound Content
Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfur Dioxide
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
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97% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
5.3.3 Weathering
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99% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
▶
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
5.3.5 Erosion
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92% - Igneous Rocks Rocks have it !
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5.3.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion
6 Properties
6.1 Physical Properties
6.1.1 Hardness
6.1.2 Grain Size
Fine Grained
6.1.3 Fracture
Uneven
6.1.4 Streak
White
6.1.5 Porosity
Highly Porous
6.1.6 Luster
Vitreous to Dull
6.1.7 Compressive Strength
6.1.8 Cleavage
Not Available
6.1.9 Toughness
Not Available
6.1.10 Specific Gravity
6.1.11 Transparency
Opaque
6.1.12 Density
6.2 Thermal Properties
6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity
6.2.2 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant
7 Reserves
7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
7.1.1 Asia
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
7.1.2 Africa
Cameroon, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Uganda
7.1.3 Europe
France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
7.1.4 Others
Antarctica, Hawaii Islands
7.2 Deposits in Western Continents
7.2.1 North America
Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, USA
7.2.2 South America
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay
7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
7.3.1 Australia
Central Australia, Western Australia