Travertine

Oil shale

Travertine and Oil shale

Travertine

Oil shale

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters

Oil Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil is extracted

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Italy

Unknown

1.2.2 Discoverer

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy

From Old English scealu in its base sense of thing that divides or separate

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Banded

Splintery

2.2 Color

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow

Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Fibrous

Muddy

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Not Yet Used

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Not Yet Used

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Not Yet Used

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Serves as an Oil and Gas Reservoir rock

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery

An Oil and Gas Reservoir

4 Types

4.1 Types

Not Available

Carbonate-rich Shale, Siliceous Shale and Cannel Shale

4.2 Features

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Very fine grained rock

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy

Not Applicable

4.3.3 Sculpture

Used

Not Yet Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Used

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.

Oil Shale forms on the beds of seas and lakes and its formation starts with the organic debris settling and accumulating at the bottom of a lake or sea which are then transformed into rock with the help of high temperature and pressure.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides

5.2.2 Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen

Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

3-42-3

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Very fine-grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Splintery

Not Available

6.1.4 Streak

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Dull to Pearly

Dull

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

80.00 N/mm²NA

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Slaty

6.1.9 Toughness

2.6

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

1.682.2-2.8

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

2.71 g/cm³2.4-2.8 g/cm³

0 1400

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

1.09 kJ/Kg K0.39 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 Resistance

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

China, Russia

Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey

7.1.2 Africa

Not Yet Found

Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania

7.1.3 Europe

Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom

Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

7.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland, Not Yet Found

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

7.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador

Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

Not Yet Found

New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

All about Travertine and Oil shale Properties

Know all about Travertine and Oil shale properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Travertine and Oil shale belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Travertine is Banded whereas that of Oil shale is Splintery. Travertine appears Fibrous and Oil shale appears Muddy. The luster of Travertine is dull to pearly while that of Oil shale is dull. Travertine is available in beige, black, blue, brown, grey, red, white, yellow colors whereas Oil shale is available in black, brown, buff, green, grey, red, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Travertine are cemetery markers, creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, paper industry, pottery and that of Oil shale are an oil and gas reservoir.