Travertine

Icelandite

Travertine and Icelandite

Travertine

Icelandite

Add ⊕

Definition

Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters

Icelandite belongs to volcanic igneous rocks which is rich in iron and belongs to andesite rock

History

Origin

Italy

Iceland

Discoverer

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Ian S. E. Carmichael

Etymology

From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy

From its origin place near Cenozoic volcano near the parsonage Þingmúli in East Iceland

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Volcanic

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Banded

Aphanitic to Porphyritic

Color

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow

Bluish - Grey, Grey, Pink, Yellow

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Fibrous

Dull and Soft

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration, Kitchens

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

Cobblestones, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Jewellery, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork

Types

Thermal Travertine and Tufa

Intermediate volcanic rock

Features

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

Generally rough to touch, High silica content, Is one of the oldest rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.

Icelandite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Amphibole, Apatite, Biotite, Feldspar, Garnet, Hornblade, Ilmenite, Magnetite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz, Zircon

Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen

Silicon Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Hydrothermal Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

3-47

1 7

👆🏻

Grain Size

Fine Grained

Very fine-grained

Fracture

Splintery

Uneven

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Dull to Pearly

Vitreous

Compressive Strength

80.00 N/mm²200.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Toughness

1.1

Specific Gravity

1.682.5-2.8

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

2.71 g/cm³2.11-2.36 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.09 kJ/Kg K2.39 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Scratch Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, Russia

India, Indonesia, Japan, Nepal, South Korea

Africa

Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania

Europe

Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom

Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

Mexico, USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador

Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, New Zealand, Western Australia

All about Travertine and Icelandite Properties

Know all about Travertine and Icelandite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Travertine belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Icelandite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Travertine is Banded whereas that of Icelandite is Aphanitic to Porphyritic. Travertine appears Fibrous and Icelandite appears Dull and Soft. The luster of Travertine is dull to pearly while that of Icelandite is vitreous. Travertine is available in beige, black, blue, brown, grey, red, white, yellow colors whereas Icelandite is available in bluish - grey, grey, pink, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Travertine and Icelandite are cemetery markers, creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, paper industry, pottery.