Travertine

Evaporite

Travertine and Evaporite

Travertine

Evaporite

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Definition

Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters

A water-soluble mineral sediment resulting from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution

History

Origin

Italy

USA

Discoverer

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Usiglio

Etymology

From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy

From a sediment left after the evaporation

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Banded

Earthy

Color

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow

Green, Grey, Silver, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Fibrous

Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

Medical Industry

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery

Used in the manufacture of Ceramic Powder, Used in the preparation of Sulfuric Acid and Silicon Diborite

Types

Thermal Travertine and Tufa

Sedimentary rock

Features

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

Generally rough to touch, Splintery, Veined

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Formation

Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.

Evaporite is water-soluble mineral sediment which forms from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution.

Composition

Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Calcite, Cancrinite, Gypsum, Kyanite, Magnetite

Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen

CaMg(CO₃)₂, CaO, Calcium Sulfate, KCl, MgO, NaCl

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

3-42-3

1 7

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Grain Size

Fine Grained

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Splintery

Conchoidal

Streak

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Dull to Pearly

Subvitreous to Dull

Compressive Strength

80.00 N/mm²225.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.682.86-2.99

0 8.4

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Transparency

Opaque

Translucent

Density

2.71 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

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Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.09 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

China, Russia

Africa

Europe

Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom

United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, USA

USA

South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador

Colombia, Paraguay

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Travertine and Evaporite Properties

Know all about Travertine and Evaporite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Travertine and Evaporite belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Travertine is Banded whereas that of Evaporite is Earthy. Travertine appears Fibrous and Evaporite appears Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Travertine is dull to pearly while that of Evaporite is subvitreous to dull. Travertine is available in beige, black, blue, brown, grey, red, white, yellow colors whereas Evaporite is available in green, grey, silver, white colors. The commercial uses of Travertine are cemetery markers, creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, paper industry, pottery and that of Evaporite are used in the manufacture of ceramic powder, used in the preparation of sulfuric acid and silicon diborite.