Travertine

Conglomerate

Travertine and Conglomerate

Travertine

Conglomerate

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Travertine is a mineral consisting of layered calcium carbonate formed by deposition from spring waters

Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock which forms from rounded gravel and boulder sized clasts which are cemented together in a matrix

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

Italy

1.2.2 Discoverer

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From Italian travertino a kind of building stone, from Tiburs, adjective from Tibur (Tivoli), in Italy

From Latin conglomeratus, to roll together, i.e. from com together + glomerare to gather into a ball, from glomus (genitive glomeris) a ball

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Banded

Clastic

2.2 Color

Beige, Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Red, White, Yellow

Beige, Black, Brown, Buff, Light to Dark Grey, Orange, Rust, White, Yellow

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

1.0.1 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

1.2 Appearance

Fibrous

Shiny and Rounded

2 Uses

2.1 Architecture

2.1.1 Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes

2.2.2 Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Roof Tiles

2.2.3 Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

2.3 Industry

2.3.1 Construction Industry

As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Raw material for the manufacture of mortar

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Roadstone

2.3.3 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

2.4 Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

1.2 Other Uses

1.2.1 Commercial Uses

Cemetery Markers, Creating Artwork, Gemstone, Jewelry, Paper Industry, Pottery

Cemetery Markers, In aquifers, Tombstones

2 Types

2.1 Types

Not Available

2.2 Features

Stalactites and stalagmites are formed from this rock, Surfaces are often shiny, Very fine grained rock

Clasts are smooth to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Matrix variable

2.3 Archaeological Significance

2.3.1 Monuments

Used

2.3.3 Famous Monuments

Colosseum in Rome, Italy, Sacré Coeur in Paris, France, Trevi Fountain in Rome, Italy

Data Not Available

2.3.5 Sculpture

Used

2.3.7 Famous Sculptures

Data Not Available

2.3.8 Pictographs

Used

2.3.10 Petroglyphs

Used

2.3.11 Figurines

Used

2.4 Fossils

Present

3 Formation

3.1 Formation

Travertine is a type of sedimentary rock formed when a river carries or transports pieces of broken rock which then undergo sedimentation. They are then subjected to high temperature and pressure hence forming travertine rock.

Conglomerate forms where sediments consisting mainly of pebble and cobble-size clasts at least two millimeters in diameter starts accumulating.

3.2 Composition

3.2.1 Mineral Content

Calcite, Clay, Feldspar, Micas, Quartz

Clay, Sand, Silica, Silt

3.2.2 Compound Content

Ca, NaCl, CaO, Oxygen

NaCl, CaO

3.3 Transformation

3.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

3.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

3.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

3.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Not Applicable

3.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

3.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion

4 Properties

4.1 Physical Properties

4.1.1 Hardness

3-42-3

1 7

1.5.2 Grain Size

Fine Grained

Coarse Grained

1.6.1 Fracture

Splintery

Uneven

1.6.2 Streak

White

1.6.3 Porosity

Highly Porous

1.6.4 Luster

Dull to Pearly

Dull

1.6.5 Compressive Strength

80.00 N/mm²NA

0.15 450

1.5.1 Cleavage

Non-Existent

1.5.2 Toughness

Not Available

1.5.3 Specific Gravity

1.682.86-2.88

0 8.4

1.5.4 Transparency

Opaque

1.5.5 Density

2.71 g/cm³1.7-2.3 g/cm³

0 1400

1.6 Thermal Properties

1.6.1 Specific Heat Capacity

1.09 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

1.6.5 Resistance

Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Heat Resistant

2 Reserves

2.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

2.1.1 Asia

China, Russia

China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Uzbekistan

2.1.2 Africa

Not Yet Found

Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa

2.1.3 Europe

Austria, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom

Austria, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

2.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Greenland

2.2 Deposits in Western Continents

2.2.1 North America

Canada, USA

2.2.2 South America

Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador

Brazil

2.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

2.3.1 Australia

Not Yet Found

New South Wales, New Zealand

All about Travertine and Conglomerate Properties

Know all about Travertine and Conglomerate properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Travertine and Conglomerate belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Travertine is Banded whereas that of Conglomerate is Clastic. Travertine appears Fibrous and Conglomerate appears Shiny and Rounded. The luster of Travertine is dull to pearly while that of Conglomerate is dull. Travertine is available in beige, black, blue, brown, grey, red, white, yellow colors whereas Conglomerate is available in beige, black, brown, buff, light to dark grey, orange, rust, white, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Travertine are cemetery markers, creating artwork, gemstone, jewelry, paper industry, pottery and that of Conglomerate are cemetery markers, in aquifers, tombstones.