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Pyroxenite and Obsidian


Obsidian and Pyroxenite


Definition

Definition
Pyroxenite is a dark, greenish, granular intrusive igneous rock consisting mainly of pyroxenes and olivine  
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimum crystal growth  

History
  
  

Origin
-  
Ethiopia  

Discoverer
Unknown  
Obsius  

Etymology
From pyro- fire + Greek xenos stranger as the mineral group was new to igneous rocks  
From Latin obsidianus, misprint of Obsianus (lapis) (stone) of Obsius  

Class
Igneous Rocks  
Igneous Rocks  

Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Hard Rock  
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock  

Family
  
  

Group
Plutonic  
Volcanic  

Other Categories
Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock  
Opaque Rock  

Texture

Texture
Clastic, Granular, Phaneritic, Porphyritic  
Glassy  

Color
Black to Grey, Bluish - Grey, Dark Greenish - Grey, Green, Light Greenish Grey  
Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Orange, Red, Tan, Yellow  

Maintenance
Less  
Less  

Durability
Durable  
Durable  

Water Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Scratch Resistant
Yes  
Yes  

Stain Resistant
Yes  
No  

Wind Resistant
Yes  
No  

Acid Resistant
Yes  
No  

Appearance
Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny  
Shiny  

Uses

Architecture
  
  

Interior Uses
Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration, Kitchens  
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration  

Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone  
Garden Decoration  

Other Architectural Uses
Curbing  
-  

Industry
  
  

Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone, Building houses or walls, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate  
Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Knives, Scrapers, Spear Points  

Medical Industry
-  
Surgery  

Antiquity Uses
Artifacts  
Artifacts, Jewellery  

Other Uses
  
  

Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Laboratory bench tops, Jewelry, Sea Defence, Tombstones  
Creating Artwork, Mirror, Used in aquariums  

Types

Types
Clinopyroxenites, Orthopyroxenites and Websterites  
Fireworks Obsidian, Mahogany, Sheen Obsidian, Snowflake obsidian and Velvet Peacock Obsidian  

Features
Generally rough to touch, Host rock for Diamond, Is one of the oldest rock  
Blocks negativity, Helps to protect against depression  

Archaeological Significance
  
  

Monuments
-  
-  

Famous Monuments
-  
-  

Sculpture
-  
-  

Famous Sculptures
-  
-  

Pictographs
-  
-  

Petroglyphs
-  
-  

Figurines
-  
-  

Fossils
Absent  
Absent  

Formation

Formation
Pyroxenites are ultramafic igneous rocks which are made up of minerals of the pyroxene group, such as augite and diopside, hypersthene, bronzite or enstatite.  
When the lava is released from volcano, it undergoes a very rapid cooling which freezes the mechanisms of crystallization. The result is a volcanic glass with a uniform smooth texture.  

Composition
  
  

Mineral Content
Amphibole, Augite, Bronzite, Chromite, Diopside, Enstatite, Garnet, Hornblende, Hypersthene, Magnetite, Pyroxene  
-  

Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Chromium(III) Oxide, Iron(III) Oxide, Potassium Oxide, MgO, Sodium Oxide, Silicon Dioxide, Sulfur Trioxide  
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide  

Transformation
  
  

Metamorphism
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism  
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism  

Weathering
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering  

Erosion
Yes  
Yes  

Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Water Erosion  
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion  

Properties

Physical Properties
  
  

Hardness
7  
5-5.5  

Grain Size
Coarse Grained  
-  

Fracture
Uneven  
Conchoidal  

Streak
White, Greenish White or Grey  
White  

Porosity
Less Porous  
Very Less Porous  

Luster
Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic  
Vitreous  

Compressive Strength
150.00 N/mm2  
22
0.15 N/mm2  
99+

Cleavage
-  
-  

Toughness
-  
-  

Specific Gravity
3.2-3.5  
2.6-2.7  

Transparency
Opaque  
Translucent  

Density
3.1-3.6 g/cm3  
2.6 g/cm3  

Thermal Properties
  
  

Specific Heat Capacity
0.84 kJ/Kg K  
15
0.92 kJ/Kg K  
10

Resistance
Impact Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant  
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant  

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents
  
  

Asia
India, Russia  
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia  

Africa
South Africa  
Kenya  

Europe
Germany, Greece, Italy, Scotland, Turkey  
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey  

Others
Greenland  
-  

Deposits in Western Continents
  
  

North America
Canada, USA  
Canada, Mexico, USA  

South America
Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela  
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru  

Deposits in Oceania Continent
  
  

Australia
New Zealand, Queensland  
New Zealand  

Summary >>
<< Reserves

All about Pyroxenite and Obsidian Properties

Know all about Pyroxenite and Obsidian properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Pyroxenite and Obsidian belong to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Pyroxenite is Clastic, Granular, Phaneritic, Porphyritic whereas that of Obsidian is Glassy. Pyroxenite appears Layered, Banded, Veined and Shiny and Obsidian appears Shiny. The luster of Pyroxenite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Obsidian is vitreous. Pyroxenite is available in black to grey, bluish - grey, dark greenish - grey, green, light greenish grey colors whereas Obsidian is available in black, blue, brown, green, orange, red, tan, yellow colors. The commercial uses of Pyroxenite are cemetery markers, commemorative tablets, laboratory bench tops, jewelry, sea defence, tombstones and that of Obsidian are creating artwork, mirror, used in aquariums.

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