1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimum crystal growth
Oil Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil is extracted
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.2.2 Discoverer
1.3 Etymology
From Latin obsidianus, misprint of Obsianus (lapis) (stone) of Obsius
From Old English scealu in its base sense of thing that divides or separate
1.4 Class
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
1.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
1.5 Family
1.5.1 Group
1.6 Other Categories
Opaque Rock
Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
2 Texture
2.1 Texture
2.2 Color
Black, Blue, Brown, Green, Orange, Red, Tan, Yellow
Black, Brown, Buff, Green, Grey, Red, Yellow
2.3 Maintenance
2.4 Durability
2.4.1 Water Resistant
2.4.2 Scratch Resistant
2.4.3 Stain Resistant
2.4.4 Wind Resistant
2.4.5 Acid Resistant
2.5 Appearance
3 Uses
3.1 Architecture
3.1.1 Interior Uses
Decorative Aggregates, Interior Decoration
Not Yet Used
3.1.2 Exterior Uses
Garden Decoration
Not Yet Used
3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
3.2 Industry
3.2.1 Construction Industry
Arrowheads, Cutting Tool, Knives, Scrapers, Spear Points
Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate, Serves as an Oil and Gas Reservoir rock
3.2.2 Medical Industry
3.3 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery
Artifacts
3.4 Other Uses
3.4.1 Commercial Uses
Creating Artwork, Mirror, Used in aquariums
An Oil and Gas Reservoir
4 Types
4.1 Types
Fireworks Obsidian, Mahogany, Sheen Obsidian, Snowflake obsidian and Velvet Peacock Obsidian
Carbonate-rich Shale, Siliceous Shale and Cannel Shale
4.2 Features
Blocks negativity, Helps to protect against depression
Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock, Very fine grained rock
4.3 Archaeological Significance
4.3.1 Monuments
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.2 Famous Monuments
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.3 Sculpture
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.3.4 Famous Sculptures
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
4.3.5 Pictographs
4.3.6 Petroglyphs
4.3.7 Figurines
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
4.4 Fossils
5 Formation
5.1 Formation
When the lava is released from volcano, it undergoes a very rapid cooling which freezes the mechanisms of crystallization. The result is a volcanic glass with a uniform smooth texture.
Oil Shale forms on the beds of seas and lakes and its formation starts with the organic debris settling and accumulating at the bottom of a lake or sea which are then transformed into rock with the help of high temperature and pressure.
5.2 Composition
5.2.1 Mineral Content
Not Available
Albite, Biotite, Calcite, Chert, Chlorite, Dolomite, Hematite, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Pyrite, Quartz, Silica, Sulfides
5.2.2 Compound Content
Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide
Ca, Fe, Mg, Silicon Dioxide, Sodium
5.3 Transformation
5.3.1 Metamorphism
5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism
Not Applicable
5.3.3 Weathering
5.3.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
1.1.1 Erosion
1.2.1 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion, Glacier Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Sea Erosion, Water Erosion
2 Properties
2.1 Physical Properties
2.1.1 Hardness
5.3.6 Grain Size
Not Applicable
Very fine-grained
5.3.8 Fracture
5.3.10 Streak
5.4.1 Porosity
Very Less Porous
Highly Porous
6.1.1 Luster
6.2.2 Compressive Strength
7.2.2 Cleavage
7.2.3 Toughness
7.2.4 Specific Gravity
7.2.11 Transparency
7.2.12 Density
2.6 g/cm32.4-2.8 g/cm3
0
1400
7.3 Thermal Properties
7.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.92 kJ/Kg K0.39 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
7.3.7 Resistance
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
Heat Resistant, Impact Resistant
8 Reserves
8.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
8.1.1 Asia
Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Russia
Bangladesh, China, India, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, Thailand, Turkey
8.1.2 Africa
Kenya
Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania
8.1.3 Europe
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Turkey
Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Romania, Scotland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
8.1.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Greenland, Not Yet Found
8.2 Deposits in Western Continents
8.2.1 North America
Canada, Mexico, USA
Canada, USA
8.2.2 South America
Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela
8.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent
8.3.1 Australia
New Zealand
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia