1 Definition
1.1 Definition
Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock which is composed of recrystallized carbonate which is formed when limestone is exposed to high temperatures and pressures over a long time
Anthracite is a type of sedimentary rock which is hard and is variety of coal that has high luster
1.2 History
1.2.1 Origin
1.4.0 Discoverer
1.5 Etymology
From the Greek marmaros, shining stone and also from the English word marmoreal meaning marble-like
From Greek anthrakites, from anthrax, anthrak meaning coal
2.3 Class
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
2.4.1 Sub-Class
Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock
Durable Rock, Soft Rock
2.6 Family
2.6.1 Group
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
2.7 Other Categories
Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock
3 Texture
3.1 Texture
Granular
Amorphous, Glassy
3.2 Color
Black, Blue, Brown, Grey, Pink, White
Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey
3.3 Maintenance
3.4 Durability
3.5.1 Water Resistant
4.1.1 Scratch Resistant
4.1.3 Stain Resistant
4.1.5 Wind Resistant
4.2.2 Acid Resistant
4.3 Appearance
Veined and Shiny
Veined or Pebbled
5 Uses
5.1 Architecture
5.1.1 Interior Uses
Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Interior Decoration, Kitchens, Stair Treads
Not Yet Used
5.2.2 Exterior Uses
As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone
Not Yet Used
6.1.1 Other Architectural Uses
Not Yet Used
Not Yet Used
6.3 Industry
6.3.1 Construction Industry
As Dimension Stone
Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Steel Production
6.4.2 Medical Industry
Not Yet Used
In Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry, Manufacture of Aspirins
6.5 Antiquity Uses
Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines
Not Yet Used
6.6 Other Uses
6.6.1 Commercial Uses
Cemetery Markers, Commemorative Tablets, Creating Artwork, Curling, Laboratory bench tops, Paper Industry, Tombstones, Used in aquariums, Whiting material in toothpaste, paint and paper
Alumina Refineries, Electricity Generation, Liquid Fuel, Manufacture of Soap, Solvents, Dyes, Plastics and Fibres, Paper Industry
7 Types
7.1 Types
Breccia Marble, Carrara Marble, Calacatta marble, Cultured Marble, Polished Marble, Honed Marble, Sand Marble
Semi-anthracite and Meta-anthracite
7.2 Features
Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, Easily splits into thin plates, Generally rough to touch, Is one of the oldest rock
Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel
7.3 Archaeological Significance
7.3.1 Monuments
7.3.3 Famous Monuments
Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, Buland Darwaza in Agra, India, Capitol Hill Building, Washington DC, Charminar in Hyderabad, India, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Maharashtra, India, Ephesus in Turkey, Faisal Mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan, Humayun's Tomb in Delhi, India, Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, Lotus Temple in New Delhi, India, Louvre in Paris, France, Mysore Palace in Karnataka, India, Neuschwanstein in Bavaria, Palace of Parliament in Bucharest, Romania, Parthenon in Greece, Potala Palace in Lahasa, Tibet, Prophet’s Mosque in Medina, Qutb Minar in India, Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow, Russia, St. Peter’s Cathedral in Vatican City, Taj Mahal in Agra, India, Tower of Pisa, Italy, Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, India, Washington Monument, US
Not Applicable
7.4.1 Sculpture
8.1.1 Famous Sculptures
Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, India, Bust of Artemis, Elephanta Caves in Maharashtra, India, Lincoln Memorial in America
Not Applicable
8.2.2 Pictographs
8.2.4 Petroglyphs
8.3.2 Figurines
8.4 Fossils
9 Formation
9.1 Formation
Marble is a metamorphic rock produced from limestone in the earth crust. It is formed by the metamorphism of limestone.
Anthracite forms from the accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp, the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.
9.2 Composition
9.2.1 Mineral Content
Garnet, Graphite, Olivine, Pyrite, Quartz
Calcite, Clay, Clay Minerals
9.2.2 Compound Content
CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, MgO, Silicon Dioxide
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur
9.3 Transformation
10.0.1 Metamorphism
10.1.2 Types of Metamorphism
Impact Metamorphism
Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism
10.1.3 Weathering
10.1.4 Types of Weathering
Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering
Not Applicable
10.1.5 Erosion
10.1.6 Types of Erosion
Chemical Erosion, Coastal Erosion
Not Applicable
11 Properties
11.1 Physical Properties
11.1.1 Hardness
11.1.7 Grain Size
Medium Grained
Medium to Fine Coarse Grained
11.1.9 Fracture
11.1.10 Streak
11.1.11 Porosity
11.1.12 Luster
Dull to Pearly to Subvitreous
Shiny
11.1.13 Compressive Strength
11.1.17 Cleavage
11.1.18 Toughness
Not Available
Not Available
11.1.19 Specific Gravity
11.1.22 Transparency
11.1.23 Density
2.4-2.7 g/cm31.25-2.5 g/cm3
0
1400
11.3 Thermal Properties
11.3.1 Specific Heat Capacity
0.88 kJ/Kg K1.32 kJ/Kg K
0.14
3.2
12.1.0 Resistance
Heat Resistant
Heat Resistant, Water Resistant
13 Reserves
13.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents
13.1.1 Asia
China, India
Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam
13.2.2 Africa
Namibia
Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania
13.2.3 Europe
Italy, Spain
Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom
13.2.4 Others
Not Yet Found
Not Yet Found
13.3 Deposits in Western Continents
13.3.1 North America
Not Yet Found
Canada, Mexico, USA
13.3.2 South America
Not Yet Found
Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela
13.4 Deposits in Oceania Continent
13.4.1 Australia
New South Wales, New Zealand, Queensland, Victoria
New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria