Lignite

Nephelinite

Lignite and Nephelinite

Lignite

Nephelinite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat

Nephelinite is a fine-grained or aphanitic igneous rock made up almost entirely of nepheline and clinopyroxene (variety augite).

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

France

Brazil

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

1.3 Etymology

From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1

from French néphéline, from Greek nephelē

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

Plutonic

1.6 Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Fine Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Aphanitic

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Brown, Colourless, Green, Grey, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Skeletal

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Not Yet Used

Decorative Aggregates, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

Not Yet Used

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Not Yet Used

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Steel Production

As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, Construction Aggregate, for Road Aggregate

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Not Yet Used

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Electricity Generation

Creating Artwork, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

4 Types

4.1 Types

Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite

Peralkaline Nephelinite

4.2 Features

Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Host Rock for Lead

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.3 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

Data Not Available

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

Not Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

Not Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Not Yet Used

Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

Absent

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.

Nephelinite is a fine-grained, hard rock which is a type of metasomatite, essentially altered basalt. It forms with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Not Available

Clinopyroxene, Nepheline, Plagioclase

5.2.2 Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Ca, CaO, Carbon, Cl, MgO

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Contact Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

16.5

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fine Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Conchoidal

Flat

6.1.4 Streak

Black

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Vitreous to Metallic

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

NA35.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Imperfect

6.1.9 Toughness

Not Available

2.7

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.4-2.9

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

6.1.12 Density

800-801 g/cm³2.5-3 g/cm³

0 1400

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

1.26 kJ/Kg K0.88 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Japan

7.1.2 Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Rwanda, Tanzania

7.1.3 Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Not Yet Found

7.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

Hawaii Islands

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

Canada, USA

7.2.2 South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Colombia

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Not Yet Found

All about Lignite and Nephelinite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Nephelinite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Nephelinite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Nephelinite is Aphanitic. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Nephelinite appears Skeletal. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Nephelinite is vitreous to metallic. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Nephelinite is available in black, brown, colourless, green, grey, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Nephelinite are creating artwork, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).