Lignite

Jasperoid

Lignite and Jasperoid

Lignite

Jasperoid

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Definition

Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat

Jasperoid is a rare, peculiar type of metasomatic alteration of rocks

History

Origin

France

USA

Discoverer

Unknown

Etymology

From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1

From silica, the main mineral content of Jasperoid

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Medium Hardness Rock

Family

Group

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Earthy

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Brown, Green, Grey, Pink, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Glassy or Pearly

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Decorative Aggregates, Floor Tiles, Homes, Interior Decoration

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Paving Stone

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Steel Production

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories, Production of Glass and Ceramics, Serves as an Oil and Gas Reservoir rock

Medical Industry

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Jewellery, Monuments, Sculpture

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Electricity Generation

An Oil and Gas Reservoir, As a Feed Additive for Livestock, Gemstone, Metallurgical Flux, Production of Lime, Soil Conditioner, Source of Magnesia (MgO)

Types

Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite

Features

Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Host Rock for Lead, Traps for subsurface fluids like Oil and Natural Gas., Zinc and Copper Deposits

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Formation

Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.

Jasperoid is a rare and peculiar type of metasomatic alteration of rocks. It is formed by extreme alteration of wall rocks within a shear zone which may occur in sediments, andesites, trachytes and basalts.

Composition

Mineral Content

Clay Minerals, Pyrite, Quartz, Sulfides

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

NaCl, CaO, Carbon Dioxide, Magnesium Carbonate, MgO

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

13.5-4

1 7

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Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Black

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

Luster

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Vitreous and Pearly

Compressive Strength

-140.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

👆🏻

Cleavage

Perfect

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.8-3

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Transparent to Translucent

Density

800-801 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.26 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

China, India

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Morocco, Namibia

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Austria, Italy, Romania, Spain, Switzerland

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

Mexico, USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Brazil, Colombia

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

New South Wales, Queensland, Yorke Peninsula

All about Lignite and Jasperoid Properties

Know all about Lignite and Jasperoid properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite and Jasperoid belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Jasperoid is Earthy. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Jasperoid appears Glassy or Pearly. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Jasperoid is vitreous and pearly. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Jasperoid is available in black, brown, green, grey, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Jasperoid are an oil and gas reservoir, as a feed additive for livestock, gemstone, metallurgical flux, production of lime, soil conditioner, source of magnesia (mgo).