Lignite

Evaporite

Lignite and Evaporite

Lignite

Evaporite

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1 Definition

1.1 Definition

Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat

A water-soluble mineral sediment resulting from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution

1.2 History

1.2.1 Origin

France

USA

1.2.2 Discoverer

Unknown

Usiglio

1.3 Etymology

From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1

From a sediment left after the evaporation

1.4 Class

Sedimentary Rocks

1.4.1 Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

1.5 Family

1.5.1 Group

Not Applicable

1.6 Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

2 Texture

2.1 Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Earthy

2.2 Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Colourless, Green, Grey, Silver, White

2.3 Maintenance

Less

2.4 Durability

Durable

2.4.1 Water Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.2 Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.3 Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.4 Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

2.4.5 Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

2.5 Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated

3 Uses

3.1 Architecture

3.1.1 Interior Uses

Not Yet Used

Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Flooring, Homes, Interior Decoration

3.1.2 Exterior Uses

Not Yet Used

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Garden Decoration, Paving Stone

3.1.3 Other Architectural Uses

Not Yet Used

Curbing

3.2 Industry

3.2.1 Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Steel Production

As a Flux in the Production of Steel and Pig Iron, As a Sintering Agent in Steel Industry to process Iron Ore, As Dimension Stone, Cement Manufacture, for Road Aggregate, Making natural cement, Manufacture of Magnesium and Dolomite Refractories

3.2.2 Medical Industry

Not Yet Used

Taken as a Supplement for Calcium or Magnesium

3.3 Antiquity Uses

Not Yet Used

Artifacts

3.4 Other Uses

3.4.1 Commercial Uses

Electricity Generation

Used in the manufacture of Ceramic Powder, Used in the preparation of Sulfuric Acid and Silicon Diborite

4 Types

4.1 Types

Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite

Not Available

4.2 Features

Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Generally rough to touch, Splintery, Veined

4.3 Archaeological Significance

4.3.1 Monuments

Not Yet Used

4.3.2 Famous Monuments

Not Applicable

4.3.3 Sculpture

Not Yet Used

4.3.4 Famous Sculptures

Not Applicable

4.3.5 Pictographs

Used

4.3.6 Petroglyphs

Used

4.3.7 Figurines

Not Yet Used

4.4 Fossils

Present

5 Formation

5.1 Formation

Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.

Evaporite is water-soluble mineral sediment which forms from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution.

5.2 Composition

5.2.1 Mineral Content

Not Available

Calcite, Cancrinite, Gypsum, Kyanite, Magnetite

5.2.2 Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

CaMg(CO₃)₂, CaO, Calcium Sulfate, KCl, MgO, NaCl

5.3 Transformation

5.3.1 Metamorphism

✔ ✘

5.3.2 Types of Metamorphism

Not Applicable

Burial Metamorphism, Cataclastic Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Impact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

5.3.3 Weathering

✔ ✘

5.3.4 Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Not Applicable

5.3.5 Erosion

✔ ✘

5.3.6 Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Not Applicable

6 Properties

6.1 Physical Properties

6.1.1 Hardness

12-3

1 7

6.1.2 Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

6.1.3 Fracture

Conchoidal

6.1.4 Streak

Black

White

6.1.5 Porosity

Highly Porous

Less Porous

6.1.6 Luster

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Subvitreous to Dull

6.1.7 Compressive Strength

NA225.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

6.1.8 Cleavage

Non-Existent

Perfect

6.1.9 Toughness

Not Available

6.1.10 Specific Gravity

1.1-1.42.86-2.99

0 8.4

6.1.11 Transparency

Opaque

Translucent

6.1.12 Density

800-801 g/cm³2.8-2.9 g/cm³

0 1400

6.2 Thermal Properties

6.2.1 Specific Heat Capacity

1.26 kJ/Kg K0.92 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

6.2.2 Resistance

Heat Resistant

Heat Resistant, Pressure Resistant

7 Reserves

7.1 Deposits in Eastern Continents

7.1.1 Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

Not Available

7.1.2 Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

Not Available

7.1.3 Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

United Kingdom

7.1.4 Others

Not Yet Found

7.2 Deposits in Western Continents

7.2.1 North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

USA

7.2.2 South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Colombia, Paraguay

7.3 Deposits in Oceania Continent

7.3.1 Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Lignite and Evaporite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Evaporite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite and Evaporite belong to Sedimentary Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Evaporite is Earthy. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Evaporite appears Glassy, Vesicular and Foilated. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Evaporite is subvitreous to dull. Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Evaporite is available in colourless, green, grey, silver, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Evaporite are used in the manufacture of ceramic powder, used in the preparation of sulfuric acid and silicon diborite.