Lignite

Charnockite

Lignite and Charnockite

Lignite

Charnockite

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Definition

Lignite is a soft brownish coal which shows traces of plants and is intermediate between bituminous coal and peat

Charnockite is a variety of granite containing minerals like orthopyroxene, quartz, and feldspar

History

Origin

France

Tamil Nadu, India

Discoverer

Unknown

T. H. Holland

Etymology

From French, Latin lignum wood + -ite1

From Job Charnock, an administtrator of East India Company

Class

Sedimentary Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Sub-Class

Durable Rock, Soft Rock

Durable Rock, Hard Rock

Family

Group

Plutonic

Other Categories

Coarse Grained Rock, Fine Grained Rock, Medium Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Coarse Grained Rock, Opaque Rock

Texture

Amorphous, Glassy

Granular

Color

Black, Brown, Dark Brown, Grey, Light to Dark Grey

Black, Grey, Orange, Pink, White

Maintenance

Less

Durability

Durable

Water Resistant

✔ ✘

Scratch Resistant

✔ ✘

Stain Resistant

✔ ✘

Wind Resistant

✔ ✘

Acid Resistant

✔ ✘

Appearance

Veined or Pebbled

Uses

Architecture

Interior Uses

Bathrooms, Countertops, Decorative Aggregates, Entryways, Floor Tiles, Homes, Hotels, Kitchens, Stair Treads

Exterior Uses

As Building Stone, As Facing Stone, Bridges, Paving Stone, Garden Decoration, Office Buildings, Resorts

Other Architectural Uses

Curbing

Industry

Construction Industry

for Road Aggregate, Steel Production

As Dimension Stone

Medical Industry

Antiquity Uses

Artifacts, Monuments, Sculpture, Small Figurines

Other Uses

Commercial Uses

Electricity Generation

Curling, Gemstone, Laboratory bench tops, Tombstones

Types

Xyloid Lignite or Fossil Wood and Compact Lignite or Perfect Lignite

Enderbite

Features

Generally rough to touch, Helps in production of Heat and Electricity, Used as fossil fuel

Available in Lots of Colors and Patterns, It is One of the Oldest, Strongest and Hardest Rock

Archaeological Significance

Monuments

Famous Monuments

Sculpture

Famous Sculptures

Pictographs

Petroglyphs

Figurines

Fossils

Present

Absent

Formation

Coal formation takes place due to accumulation of plant debris in a swamp environment. The Coal formation process continues, as peat turns into lignite brown or black coal at increasing heat and pressure.

Charnockite is an intrusive igneous rock which is very hard and is formed due to weathering of existing rocks.

Composition

Mineral Content

Amphibole, Biotite, Feldspar, Hornblade, Micas, Muscovite or Illite, Olivine, Plagioclase, Pyroxene, Quartz

Compound Content

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur

Aluminium Oxide, CaO, Iron(III) Oxide, FeO, Potassium Oxide, MgO, MnO, Sodium Oxide, Phosphorus Pentoxide, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium Dioxide

Transformation

Metamorphism

✔ ✘

Types of Metamorphism

Burial Metamorphism, Contact Metamorphism, Regional Metamorphism

Weathering

✔ ✘

Types of Weathering

Biological Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Mechanical Weathering

Biological Weathering

Erosion

✔ ✘

Types of Erosion

Chemical Erosion, Water Erosion, Wind Erosion

Properties

Physical Properties

Hardness

16-7

1 7

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Grain Size

Medium to Fine Coarse Grained

Coarse Grained

Fracture

Conchoidal

Streak

Black

White

Porosity

Highly Porous

Very Less Porous

Luster

Dull to Vitreous to Submetallic

Compressive Strength

-190.00 N/mm²

0.15 450

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Cleavage

Toughness

Specific Gravity

1.1-1.4-9999

0 8.4

👆🏻

Transparency

Opaque

Density

800-801 g/cm³2.6 g/cm³

0 1400

👆🏻

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat Capacity

1.26 kJ/Kg K0.84 kJ/Kg K

0.14 3.2

👆🏻

Resistance

Heat Resistant

Heat Resistant, Wear Resistant

Reserves

Deposits in Eastern Continents

Asia

Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Vietnam

India

Africa

Botswana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania

East Africa, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Morocco, Mozambique

Europe

Belgium, Bulgaria, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Czech Republic, Ukraine, United Kingdom

Albania, Romania, Scotland, United Kingdom

Others

Deposits in Western Continents

North America

Canada, Mexico, USA

USA

South America

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela

Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

Deposits in Oceania Continent

Australia

New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria

Central Australia, Western Australia

All about Lignite and Charnockite Properties

Know all about Lignite and Charnockite properties here. All properties of rocks are important as they define the type of rock and its application. Lignite belongs to Sedimentary Rocks while Charnockite belongs to Igneous Rocks.Texture of Lignite is Amorphous, Glassy whereas that of Charnockite is Granular. Lignite appears Veined or Pebbled and Charnockite appears Veined or Pebbled. The luster of Lignite is dull to vitreous to submetallic while that of Charnockite is . Lignite is available in black, brown, dark brown, grey, light to dark grey colors whereas Charnockite is available in black, grey, orange, pink, white colors. The commercial uses of Lignite are electricity generation and that of Charnockite are curling, gemstone, laboratory bench tops, tombstones.